20 17 17 the thirteenth five-year plan for national education development further improves the modern vocational education system, vigorously develops modern vocational education and continuing education, and speeds up the cultivation of talents urgently needed for economic and social development.
20 17 12 "Several Opinions on Deepening the Integration of Production and Education" to optimize the layout of vocational education. Broaden the ways for enterprises to participate. Encourage enterprises to participate in organizing vocational education and higher education in accordance with the law by means of sole proprietorship, joint venture and cooperation. Encourage qualified areas to explore and promote the reform of shareholding system and mixed ownership of vocational schools, and allow enterprises to participate in running schools with capital, technology, management and other factors according to law and enjoy corresponding rights. 2065438+February 2008 "Measures for Promoting School-enterprise Cooperation in Vocational Schools" further stipulated the school-enterprise cooperation from the aspects of cooperation form, cooperation content and policy support.
2065438+April 2008 "Opinions on Implementing Lifelong Vocational Skills Training System" clarified the practical significance of "vocational skills training"; Incorporate vocational college students' practical activities of "trying to start a business" into the scope of policy support; Carry out pilot work in vocational training institutions.
2065438+August 2008 "Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education in People's Republic of China (PRC) (Revised Draft)" (draft for review), it is proposed that institutions that implement non-academic vocational education and training such as language ability and art can directly apply for legal person registration.
June, 2065438, 5438+08+02 Interim Measures for Special Additional Deduction of Personal Income Tax, the expenses incurred by taxpayers who received the continuing education of professional qualifications of skilled personnel and professional technicians in the year when they obtained relevant certificates were deducted according to the fixed amount of 3,600 yuan.
20 19 1 National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan, and implement the high-level vocational colleges and professional construction plan with China characteristics; Start the reform of "1+X certificate system", realize the combination of education and training and the combination of certificates and certificates, and cultivate high-quality talents urgently needed by society.
2065438+February 2009 "China Education Modernization 2035" promotes the organic connection and deep integration of vocational education and industrial development; Building high-level vocational colleges and majors with China characteristics; Promote the coordinated development of secondary vocational education and ordinary high school education; Improve the service ability of vocational education, etc.
20 19 Implementation Plan for Accelerating Educational Modernization (20 18-2022) deepens the integration of production and education and improves the vocational education system; Improve industry system standards; Establish the State Council vocational education joint conference system and develop modern agricultural vocational education.
2065438+March 2009 Premier's Government Work Report, a strategic measure to solve the shortage of highly skilled talents. Reform and improve the examination enrollment methods of higher vocational colleges, and encourage more high school graduates, retired soldiers, laid-off workers and migrant workers to apply for the examination. This year, the enrollment will be increased by 6.5438+0 million. Establish a national scholarship for secondary vocational education. Support enterprises and social forces to set up vocational education.
20 19 in may, the vocational skills upgrading action plan (20 19-202 1) conducted more than 50 million subsidized vocational skills trainings from 20 19 to 20021year, including 20/kloc.
Open; By the end of 20021,the proportion of skilled workers in the total number of employed people will reach more than 25%, and the proportion of highly skilled talents will reach more than 30%.
20 19 10 opinions on education supporting the development of social service industry and improving the quality of training talents in short supply encourage colleges and universities to extensively carry out vocational training, carry out the pilot of 1+X certificate system, and build a "double-qualified" teacher team.
On June 20 19, the revised draft of "People's Republic of China (PRC) Vocational Education Law (Draft for Comment)" implemented the requirements of vocational education "from the government-oriented school-running pattern to the government's overall management and social pluralism", supported the establishment of joint-stock and mixed-ownership vocational schools, determined the enterprise system of integration of production and education, and defined the conditions and preferential policies.
In September, 2020, the Action Plan for Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Vocational Education (2020-2023) clarified the construction drawings for running vocational education well in the new period, and announced that the pattern of great reform and development of vocational education had basically taken shape, and vocational education had entered a critical historical period of climbing over the hill, improving quality and increasing efficiency.
In May, 20021,the Implementation Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Private Education Promotion Law gave vocational schools more profit space, encouraged various ways to participate in or organize private schools to implement vocational education, and standardized the enrollment, training and teaching materials of vocational colleges.
The central government issued a document to support vocational education: local governments can appropriately subsidize non-profit private vocational schools.
The General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Modern Vocational Education System (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), and issued a notice requesting all localities and departments to conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation.
The Opinions clarify the direction of vocational education system reform, including: promoting the formation of a modern vocational education pattern and regional layout that is compatible with market demand and industrial structure; Construct a development mechanism of interaction between central and local governments, regional linkage and coordination between government and Industry-University-Research.
At the same time, the central government encourages and supports all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) and key industries to take the lead in breaking through and demonstrating in the reform of modern vocational education system in combination with their own characteristics and advantages.
Establish a coordinated promotion mechanism between the Ministry and the province, and establish a Council with the participation of the government, enterprises, schools and other parties.
The "Opinions" mentioned that a new model for the construction of provincial modern vocational education system will be explored. Focusing on the in-depth implementation of regional coordinated development strategy and major regional strategies, we will comprehensively promote rural revitalization, state-led promotion, and local innovation implementation, select provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) with urgent needs, conditions, and willingness to reform and explore, and establish a collaborative promotion mechanism for the Ministry of Modern Vocational Education and Construction.
Under the new model, local governments should make breakthroughs in key capacity building of vocational schools, integration of production and education, integration of vocational education and general education, investment mechanism, institutional innovation, international exchanges and cooperation, formulate specific measures to support vocational education, such as finance, finance, land, credit, employment and income distribution, form an institutional environment and ecology conducive to the development of vocational education, and form a number of new experiences and new paradigms that can be replicated and promoted.
At the same time, it is necessary to establish a city-wide production-education consortium. Based on the industrial park, the provincial government will build a city-wide production-education complex with the functions of talent training, innovation and entrepreneurship, and promoting the high-quality development of industrial economy.
The "Opinions" put forward that a council with the participation of the government, enterprises, schools, scientific research institutions and other parties should be set up to carry out substantive operations, gather funds, technology, talents, policies and other elements, and effectively promote all kinds of subjects to deeply participate in professional planning, personnel training specification determination, curriculum development and teacher team building of vocational schools, discuss training programs, set up teaching teams, build teaching resources, jointly implement academic evaluation, promote teaching reform and upgrade technical skills.
All localities should also build an information platform for talent supply and demand, implement an industrial planning and talent demand release system, guide vocational schools to keep close to the market and employment situation, improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of vocational education majors, and promote the close connection between professional layout and local industrial structure; Build a common technical service platform, open up the chain of scientific research and development, technological innovation and achievement transfer, provide technical consultation and services for enterprises in the park, and promote technological innovation and product upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Encourage schools and enterprises to build a number of practice centers in the form of "factory in factory" and "factory lieutenant colonel"
In order to improve the key school-running ability of vocational schools, the Opinions put forward that priority should be given to organizing well-known experts, industry elites and excellent teachers in the fields of modern manufacturing, modern service industry and modern agriculture, creating a number of core courses, high-quality teaching materials, teachers' teams and practical projects, and introducing new methods, new technologies, new processes and new standards into education and teaching practice in a timely manner.
At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of "double-qualified" teachers and build an open regional practice center for the integration of production and education. At the forefront of benchmarking industry development, we will build an open regional practice center integrating practical teaching, social training, real production and technical services.
For example, a number of public practice centers will be built by government-led and multi-channel financing; Promote enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and parks to improve the integration ability of production practice resources, and support a number of enterprise practice centers through government purchase services and financial support; Encourage schools and enterprises to build a number of practice centers in the form of "factory in school" and "factory lieutenant colonel" to serve vocational school students' internship training, enterprise staff training, product pilot test, process improvement, technology research and development, etc.
The Opinions require all localities to broaden the channels for students to grow into talents, support high-quality secondary vocational schools and higher vocational schools to jointly run schools for five years, and carry out secondary vocational education and vocational undergraduate education.
The employing unit shall not set conditions that hinder the equal employment and fair competition of vocational school graduates.
In order to ensure the reform of modern vocational education system, the Opinions put forward the establishment of an organization and coordination mechanism. Improve the inter-ministerial joint conference system of vocational education in the State Council, build an advisory body that brings together well-known experts, scholars and managers in the fields of education, science and technology, industry, economy and society, and undertake the work of vocational education policy consultation, standard setting and project demonstration.
At the same time, Party committees and governments at all levels are required to incorporate the development of vocational education into the national economic and social development plan of the region, and make overall arrangements and implementation with the promotion of employment and entrepreneurship, the transformation of development mode, the adjustment of industrial structure, and the optimization and upgrading of technology, and take it as an important part of assessing the educational responsibilities of the government at the next lower level.
The Opinions require all localities to explore new mechanisms for local governments and social forces to support the development of vocational education in accordance with the principle of public welfare, attract social capital and industrial capital, and support major construction and reform projects of vocational education. Incorporate qualified vocational education projects into the scope of local government special bonds and budgetary investment support. Encourage financial institutions to provide financial services and support the development of vocational education.
In addition, we should also explore the establishment of a differentiated per capita funding system for vocational education based on major categories. Local governments can give appropriate subsidies to non-profit private vocational schools with reference to relevant funding standards and support policies such as per capita funding for similar public schools at the same level. Improve the financial aid measures for students in secondary vocational schools and establish a cost-sharing mechanism that meets the requirements of diversified development of secondary vocational schools.
The "Opinions" emphasize that employers should not set conditions for applying for, hiring and hiring that hinder the equal employment and fair competition of vocational school graduates. Support local governments to deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the wage income level of front-line technical and technical personnel in production and service.
The spring of vocational education has arrived.