1. Continue to safeguard children's physical and mental health. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines "health" as "not only having no physical defects and diseases, but also having a complete physiological, psychological state and social adaptability." The Regulations on Kindergarten Work also clearly points out that "kindergartens must do a good job in children's physical and mental health." Parents should continue to pay attention to their children's physical health and mental health. The endurance of physical activity and mental activity of children aged 4 ~ 5 years old has been improved, and the supply of dietary nutrition should be increased accordingly. Children aged 4-5 are not only active, but also easily excited during activities. When they are in high spirits, they often overestimate their own strength and don't seem to know what fatigue is. This is excitement that temporarily masks fatigue. The survey shows that picky eaters, partial eclipse and anorexia are common phenomena among only children. Children are in a period of vigorous growth and development. If they are picky eaters, partial eclipse or anorexia for a long time, it will cause nutritional imbalance. Once nutrition is deficient or overnourished, corresponding diseases will occur. Parents should pay enough attention to this. In addition, parents should pay more attention to their children's mental health while paying attention to their physical health. According to relevant investigation and study, the main psychological obstacles of children aged 4-5 are impulsive behavior, excessive and excessive movements; Worried, unhappy, jealous, unwilling to participate in group activities alone; Infringement and occupation; Anorexia, partial eclipse, picky eaters, vomiting. It can be seen that it is urgent to strengthen children's mental health education. Only early detection and early intervention can promote the healthy growth of children. Parents are advised to enter parents' and children's schools, systematically learn and master scientific parenting knowledge, strengthen their self-cultivation and improve the level of family education. Never make something out of nothing, follow the crowd, let alone turn pale at the mention of a tiger, which will have a negative psychological impact on children's mental health development. Second, treat children's questions correctly and protect their curiosity. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator in China, included "liberating children's mouths so that they can speak" in his "six liberations" about children. He pointed out that children should be allowed to ask questions, and the answers to the questions can enhance their knowledge and develop their thinking and understanding ability. But now most parents don't want their children to ask more questions, or because of the influence of feudal traditional thought, they think that "Laozi is the best in the world" and children can only do as they are told; Or because I am busy with daily affairs, I have no time to answer; Or the knowledge level is limited and cannot be answered; Or because of mood swings, there is no intention to respond; Even adopt a coping attitude and a rude way to treat children, thus killing their curiosity and curiosity, and causing irreparable losses to their psychological development. In fact, curiosity is a child's nature. Children enter the first good question period from 1 year and a half, and like to ask "what" questions one by one; After the age of 3, I entered the second good question period. At this time, the question is often mainly "why"; 4 ~ 5 years old is the key age for curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Not only many questions are raised, but also the content of the questions is wide, and many questions are difficult for adults to answer. Parents should treat their children's questions correctly and protect their curiosity. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following aspects. 1, actively encourage and listen carefully to children's questions. Parents should understand that children who love to ask questions are often children who love to use their brains. Therefore, when children ask questions, parents should listen patiently and carefully, let them answer questions, and let children feel psychologically valued and supported. Never reprimand or ignore them, let alone use words like "Go ahead, you have too many things" or "I'm bored to death" to suppress their enthusiasm for asking questions. Otherwise, their curiosity and thirst for knowledge will be affected, and their intelligence and personality will develop healthily. 2. Pay attention to the art of answering children's questions. The questions raised by children aged 4 ~ 5 can be roughly divided into the following categories according to the difficulty of answering: one is simple and easy to answer. Parents should answer this question immediately, and provide clear answers directly to their children on the basis of guiding them to think. One kind is a question that is difficult to answer at the moment because of the limited knowledge level of parents. If you can't pretend to understand, you should tell your children honestly until you read a book or ask others, or you can find the answer with your children. Although they didn't answer the children's questions for the time being, they took this opportunity to let the children know that there are many ways to acquire knowledge. Once parents understand the answer to the question, they should answer it to their children in time and seriously. This not only satisfies children's thirst for knowledge, but also cultivates children's good qualities such as hard work, shameless questioning, loyalty and honesty, seeking truth from facts, and keeping promises over time. One is difficult to explain clearly to children in simple words. Specifically, gender knowledge falls into this category. Children around the age of 5 will ask, "Where am I from?" This question, but the answers to this question are varied. It is common to fabricate facts to deceive children, such as "you were sent by others", "you picked it up from somewhere" and "you fell from the sky". Doing so is not only against science, but also will make him feel confused and insecure as he grows older, and even think that his parents are lying, which will affect his prestige in the eyes of his children and may also have a negative impact on their psychological development. Therefore, parents' answers to such questions must follow the principles of timeliness, moderation and moderation, conform to science and be cautious. 3. Pay attention to children who ask fewer questions. Curiosity is a prominent feature of children aged 4-5. As parents, we should encourage children to think more, be good at exploring, ask questions frequently, dare to be whimsical and dare to be unconventional. If some children rarely ask questions, parents should attach great importance to it. See if the child's brain organs are defective? Is the atmosphere in the family environment too dull and the stimulation too monotonous? Are parents too strict and seldom communicate with their children in language and emotion? Do children go out less and have less exposure to new and exotic stimuli? Are you withdrawn and unsociable? All of the above may inhibit children's curiosity and lead to fewer questions. In a word, as parents, we should analyze specific problems in order to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, cultivate their children's innovative consciousness and meet the demand for creative talents in 2 1 century. Third, seize the favorable opportunity to improve children's language expression ability. As comrades who have worked in kindergartens for a long time, they all have such experiences. When they receive new children in the park every year, as soon as they listen to the children, the language differences between them immediately appear: few children can talk; Most children have poor vocabulary and often use inappropriate words; Some sentences are western and eastern, and the language lacks coherence; Some simply "Xu Shu entered Cao Ying"-saying nothing all day. There are many reasons for this situation, the most important of which is that some parents do not attach importance to or do not know how to cultivate and train their children's language expression ability. According to psychologists' research, children's language development has undergone several obvious qualitative changes, and the critical period for learning their own language is within 2 years old; 2 ~ 3 years old is the qualitative change period of oral development; 4 ~ 5 years old is the second qualitative change period of oral language development, and it is also the key period of written language development; 5 ~ 6 years old is the key period to master vocabulary ability. In order to develop children's intelligence, cultivate cross-century talents, adapt to the requirements of an open society, and strive to improve children's language expression ability, parents and kindergarten teachers should attach great importance to it. But how can we cultivate and improve children's language expression ability? 1. Create a good language environment for children. Children can't learn a language without a certain language environment. Therefore, parents should provide their children with beautiful music, pleasant conversations, cheerful children's songs, interesting language education games, beautiful fairy tales, stories and other good language demonstrations for him to imitate and practice. Let children get used to people with accurate pronunciation, clear language, accurate words, complete sentences, standardized grammar and natural and gentle tone, and learn the language from them. At the same time, we should make full use of children's programs on radio and television, so that children can imitate more correct languages, increase their vocabulary, learn expressions, enrich their intonation, and improve their language expression ability imperceptibly. 2. Be patient and listen to the children carefully. The first thing to overcome in this respect is to interrupt the child's speech and make some conclusive evaluations or simple treatments without thinking. Some parents often simply use "apply", "Oh" or "I see!" Before their children can fully express their meaning as soon as they speak. It seems that the child's words are not worth taking seriously. 3. Encourage and guide children to speak. As we know, after the child is 3 years old, with the rapid development of the brain, the hearing organs and the pronunciation organs are correspondingly mature, and the language enters a stage of rapid development. Children not only like to learn to speak, ask questions and listen to others, but also like to express their wishes and demands in words. However, due to the limitation of knowledge, experience and thinking level, children lack understanding of the essential attributes of things, so their understanding of concepts is not accurate; Because of the unsynchronization of language and thinking, it is normal for the mind to repeat, pause, incoherent and laboriously express what it wants to say through words. However, if parents encounter a child saying something wrong, sentence, pronunciation, or poor expression, they will lose their temper, reprimand, ridicule, and even label the child as "stupid", which will dampen the enthusiasm of the child and even think that he is really stupid, thus causing psychological obstacles. The correct way is that when children have difficulty in expressing themselves, parents should not only encourage their children to speak, but more importantly, wait patiently and let them finish. Parents' patience is a very important issue in early childhood education. Without patience, education is bound to fail. It is not enough to have encouragement and patience, but also to be good at guiding. First of all, we should pay attention to guiding children to understand simple concepts in life, but we should be vivid and intuitive, and guide them through observation, touch and operation. Secondly, we should guide children to say complete sentences. 4-year-old children still mainly use situational language, and often say half sentences and incomplete words. At this time, parents can guide their children to say what they have seen and heard by looking at pictures or chatting, so that children can speak clearly, thus training their independent and coherent speaking ability. Over time, it is beneficial for their language to transition from incoherent language to coherent language. 4. Teach children standardized language and give them good language stimulation. Children are most likely to have preconceived ideas when learning a language. Phonetics is the foundation of language. To learn to speak, you must first master pronunciation. Only through correct and sufficient language training can children master spoken English earlier, better and faster. However, because the child's pronunciation organs are not well developed and some sounds are not clear enough, it is difficult to hear clearly what he said, especially the flat tongue sounds Z, C, S, tongue sounds Zh, Ch, Sh, Q, N, L and so on. And it will be difficult to pronounce. When a child can't pronounce these sounds or mispronounce them, parents should never laugh at him, let alone take pleasure in his mispronouncing or saying the wrong sentence. In this way, not only can children not find their own pronunciation problems, but they will form bad habits over time, and if children realize that their parents are making fun of him, it will also hurt his self-esteem and self-confidence and make him afraid to speak boldly. Therefore, parents should give their children good language stimulation, give their children a demonstration of pronunciation, and let them imitate exercises repeatedly. 5. Let children learn languages in games, activities and daily life. It is generally impossible for parents to concentrate on teaching their children to learn languages like primary school teachers, and the effect of concentrating on training such a small child to learn languages is not necessarily good. Therefore, parents should let their children learn the language while playing in games and activities, let them learn pronunciation and speaking in daily life, and let them learn the language unconsciously. 6. Enrich children's life knowledge. A rich life is to let children learn languages. At the same time, we should make full use of children's programs on radio and television, so that children can imitate more correct languages, increase their vocabulary, learn expressions, enrich their intonation, and improve their language expression ability imperceptibly. Fourth, develop children's thinking ability and cultivate creative talents. We know that children's thinking is mainly based on concrete thinking in images. Children aged 4 ~ 5 can only think according to the superficial phenomena of things, but not according to the essential characteristics or internal relations of things. Therefore, parents should provide them with a lot of concrete and vivid perceptual materials, and develop their thinking ability on this basis. Parents can enrich their children's perceptual knowledge and knowledge reserves in a planned way by organizing various activities. In addition, language is a tool of thinking, and the development of children's language directly affects the development of thinking. To develop children's abstract logical thinking, it is necessary to help children master a certain number of concepts, which are expressed in words. Therefore, parents should consciously increase their children's vocabulary, help them correctly understand and use various concepts, and promote the improvement of their thinking level. At the same time, curiosity is the seed of creation.