As a theoretical and systematic world outlook, outlook on life, values and methodology, philosophy is the theoretical basis of various disciplines and has a positive guiding role in the development of disciplines. So, what philosophical thoughts does ideological and political education contain?
Philosophical Thinking of Ideological and Political Education Part I: Significance of Philosophical Thinking of Ideological and Political Education
What role does ideological and political education play in philosophy? Location? . Adhering to the philosophical orientation of ideological and political education is helpful to respect the personality development of the educated, provide strong intellectual support and talent guarantee for the development of socialist modernization, and is also an urgent need to solve the current practical problems of ideological and political education.
1, which helps to respect the personality development of the educated.
Only by adopting flexible and changeable forms to moralize people, encourage individual liberation, promote people's free development, conform to the requirements of human nature, promote people's harmonious development and promote people's all-round development can the value of ideological and political education be realized, so as to cultivate real social people and all-round people and realize people's all-round development.
2. It can provide strong intellectual support and talent guarantee for the development of socialist modernization.
Reflecting and thinking on the ideological and political education system from the perspective of philosophy is an effective measure to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education activities, an inherent requirement for the scientific and professional development of ideological and political education, and an inherent meaning in the development of modern ideological and political education. It plays an important role in better promoting ideological and political education and can provide ideological guarantee and intellectual support for the smooth progress of socialist cause.
3. There is an urgent need to solve the practical problems of current ideological and political education.
In recent years, with the state's emphasis on ideological and political education, the development of ideological and political education in China has made great progress. However, in the actual educational activities, there are still some problems, such as the low credibility of ideological and political education, ignoring the interests and personality of the educated, the lack of persuasion and appeal of ideological and political education, and the disconnection between ideological and political theory education and reality. Therefore, under the guidance of scientific methodology and world outlook, it is of great significance to abstract, summarize and summarize the value orientation of ideological and political education from a philosophical point of view, which will enhance the persuasiveness and appeal of ideological and political education and solve the problem of disconnection between theoretical education and practical education.
Second, the basic philosophical content system of ideological and political education
Ideological and political education has rich philosophical connotation and its own strict logical system, which mainly includes three aspects: ontological provisions, epistemological composition and methodological form, which together constitute the philosophical content system of ideological and political education.
1, ideological and political education itself
The ontological study of ideological and political education is a philosophical study of the basic problems of ideological and political education. Why does it exist? , thus revealing? Human survival and development? It is the ontological dimension of ideological and political education and the realistic foundation of its existence, which can make ideological and political education truly stand on the standpoint of humanism and profoundly grasp the internal relationship between them. The subject of ideological and political education is extensive, with the characteristics of consciousness, advancement, creativity and openness. In the process of ideological education, it has the functions of decision-making and implementation, reasoning and management, example, output and feedback. Ideological and political education is a practical activity, and its subject composition, external environment and method structure must be based on reality. The relationship between subject and object of ideological and political education is contradictory and unified, and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. It runs through the whole process of ideological and political education, determines the fundamental nature and purpose of ideological and political education, establishes a good relationship between subject and object, and finally realizes the integration of cognitive relationship, practical relationship and value relationship, which is of great significance to maximize the effect of ideological and political education.
2. The epistemological composition of ideological and political education.
Marxist epistemology is a scientific world outlook and methodology. The main function of ideological and political education lies in moral education and political guidance. Strengthening ideological and political education helps people to form a scientific world outlook and methodology. World outlook is the epistemological basis of ideological and political education and the reflection of social consciousness and social existence. Its basic problem is the relationship between consciousness and matter, thinking and existence. World outlook, outlook on life and values interact and influence each other. Social man? The education of world outlook, outlook on life, values and political values can achieve the purpose of ideological and political education. Morality is people's systematic understanding and view of the relationship between themselves, others and the world. Marxist morality is the highest achievement of the development of human moral thought and the sublimation of various progressive morality in the history of human thought and culture. Socialist concept of honor and disgrace is an incisive summary of Marxist moral concept.
3. Methodological form of ideological and political education.
What is the main task of ideological and political education? Educate people? That is, shaping people's ideological and moral quality and political quality. By improving people's ideological and cultural quality, improving people's way of thinking and methods, and renewing people's thinking concepts, the educational object can understand, accept and agree with the truth through reasoning, and then turn it into corresponding practical activities. Method plays an important role in people's understanding and transformation of the world, which connects subject and object. The methods of ideological and political education mainly include indoctrination and encouragement. Instilling theory is the fundamental principle of ideological and political work, not the specific method. Indoctrination theory is an important part of Marxist theory, and ideological indoctrination is the essence of ideological and political education. Indoctrination has played an important role in the process of strengthening ideological and political education. The heuristic method attaches importance to the subjectivity of the educational object and realizes the effective and benign interaction between the subject and object of ideological and political education. As an important dual category of ideological and political education, we must realize the organic integration of indoctrination and encouragement, learn from each other's strengths and make up for each other's shortcomings, and achieve the greatest effect of ideological and political education. The method of combining classification with gradual advancement. In ideological and political education activities, we should adopt different educational methods for different levels and categories of personnel, and at the same time focus on them. Hierarchical classification refers to paying attention to carrying out ideological and political education at different levels, starting from different stages of the physical and mental development of the educated, carrying out ordinary education and social elite education according to different social groups, distinguishing levels and classifying teaching, and establishing a new pattern of ideological and political education for different educational objects. The method of unifying the special and the general. Marxist materialist dialectics tells us that the universality and particularity of contradictions are dialectically unified, inseparable and interrelated; Can be transformed into each other on different occasions. The special education method of ideological and political education refers to individual education for one person or a few people, and it is necessary to solve the problem by individual education. The general education method of ideological and political education is mainly to educate common problems. In ideological and political education activities, we must adhere to the combination of general education methods and special education methods in order to do ideological and political education better.
Third, the conclusion
As a theoretical and systematic world outlook, outlook on life, values and methodology, philosophy is the theoretical basis of various disciplines and has a positive guiding role in the development of disciplines. As a kind of social practice, ideological and political education must have the guiding role of philosophy in order to realize the fundamental value of social practice, which requires the integration of philosophical world outlook, outlook on life, values and historical outlook into ideological and political education methods. Is the philosophical thinking of ideological and political education the continuous realization of ideological and political education? Science? Necessary measures are also the new requirements for ideological and political education in today's era.
Analysis from the Perspective of Philosophy of Value Part II: Since the reform and opening up, philosophy of value has become a research hotspot since it was introduced into China, and many scholars have participated in it, and the research has achieved fruitful results. However, no agreement was reached on the basis of many theories, and the research stopped. Among them, the most important problem is the lack of reflection and standardization of value philosophy itself. Researchers take what they need and discuss the value problem from different angles. Generally speaking.
Value philosophy carries too many objects and contents that do not belong to itself, but the core theories and problems about value itself are obscured. Therefore, it is necessary for us to calm down and ask: what is the real value philosophy and how to define its vision. Only by clarifying these basic problems can we lay a solid foundation of value philosophy and make the study of value problems have normative and practical significance.
1 Scientific practice theory is the fundamental position and vision of value research.
Engels once defined the development of philosophy like this: For the philosophy that has been expelled from nature and historical view, if there is anything left, it is only the field of pure thought. ? This statement basically conforms to the development trend of philosophy, because with the development of science and the prevalence of positivism, it is difficult for philosophy to enter the field of natural science again. The only research object left for philosophy is thought, which becomes the reason for reflection and criticism of thought. Of course, from the perspective of materialism, the object of philosophical reflection can not be given a priori, but depends on its philosophical standpoint and vision, so philosophical reflection based on different standpoints and horizons will produce different reflection objects and effects.
It is precisely because the position of reflection has this relativity that the result of reflection cannot constitute absolute truth. But each kind of reflection has its own significance and function in its position, which is the subjective principle established by modern epistemological philosophy. Based on the above point of view, we believe that the goal of value philosophy should not be to pursue the absolute truth of ending history in reflection, but to make substantial contributions to human historical practice, so its unique position and viewpoint can only be explained by Marxist practical viewpoint and position.
The concept of practice is the cornerstone of Marxist philosophy, and the original intention of practice refers to people's value activities to transform the world and realize their own goals. Practice is the way of human life, and all the value pursuits of human beings should be completed through practice in practice. The principle of practice requires that all human activities and their results should be understood from practice, that is, to transform the world and make reality serve human needs. This does not mean that we should establish a practical ontological basis for value philosophy, because it is still an epistemological position, and understanding human society from the interaction between man and nature does not conform to the basic idea of historical materialism. Instead, thought should be regarded as a part of practical activities isomorphic with material production practice, that is, human ideological practice. In this way, value activity will become an ideological activity that pursues its own purpose, means and results, and this activity itself is a creative process of realizing value.
The truth of value lies in transforming the world through practice.
From the standpoint of practice, axiology should not be based on epistemology, not from the object of axiology reflection, but from its position of reflection. Because the position of epistemology is the objectivity of knowledge, the focus of discussing value in the dimension of truth lies in whether subjective and objective are unified. The position of axiology is that human activity is practice, and truth is put into the dimension of human activity to understand and test. That is, as Marx said, people should prove the truth of their thinking in practice, that is, the reality and intensity of their thinking and the essence of their thinking.
About thinking? Thinking without practice? The debate about reality or non-reality is a purely academic issue. ? Value philosophy is not only to judge or provide standards for ideas, but also to reflect on the role and activities of ideas in practice. Therefore, from a practical point of view, thought should serve the rationalization of existence, and the truth of value lies in transforming the world in practice.
Therefore, the viewpoint of practice is the viewpoint of value philosophy. Only when thought is understood as the thought in practice and the inevitable element of human activities can thought reflect its value, the truth of value can be true and effective to people, and a meaningful philosophy of value can be constructed. Under the framework of pragmatism, value philosophy understands all human activities and thoughts as value activities and value truths. Scientific thinking about truth, ethical thinking about goodness, aesthetic thinking about beauty, political thinking about justice and so on.
Value truth is different from fact truth. The difference lies not in the corresponding objects and contents, but in the different meanings of the same truth in different viewpoints and horizons. Truth of fact is a reflection generated from the ontological and epistemological dimensions. All the truths here are the truth of facts and the description of existence or process behavior, including practical activities and value creation. If we examine the value truth from the dimension of practice, then the truth shown to us from the perspective of axiology is the process of how the idea realizes its own goals, which is manifested in its effectiveness in practice, and this is the value truth, that is, the truth of realizing value, rather than an objective description of values.
Therefore, value truth is an activity, and it is human intentionality that pursues effectiveness in practice. Really? It is meaningless to talk about the truth of value without human practice. From the anthropological point of view, axiology is more fundamental to human survival and development than epistemology. Because as long as it is truth, it has always been produced for people's lives and the result of people's practical activities.
The truth of value depends on the effectiveness of human thought in practical activities, that is, whether it can effectively transform the world and achieve the unity of needs and purposes. Fact truth is only a tool of practice, and its significance can only be shown if it is consistent with the realization of value truth. Therefore, the fundamental and prerequisite significance of value truth is beyond doubt. Fact truth without value truth is invalid, and epistemology without axiology reflection is also invalid. Hegel believes that philosophy can only be a reflection activity in which thought takes itself as the object, so the reflection on value truth also constitutes the purport of value philosophy.
Marx's theory of practice is the basis for value philosophy to construct its own rationality of existence. Because value activities can only exist in human practice, only by correctly grasping the relationship between value and human existence can we inspire people to update their values and finally guide people to change their living conditions and lifestyles realistically. In a word, value philosophy should be able to lay the foundation for people to design new life goals and freedom needed for action in critical reflection, which is the significance of value philosophy.
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