What knowledge points belong to the common questions in the written test of national teacher qualification certificate?
1. Basic laws of teaching process
First, direct experience is combined with indirect experience;
Second, the unity of mastering knowledge and developing ability;
Third, the leading role of teachers and the main role of students are unified;
Fourth, mastering knowledge and ideological education should be unified.
2. Three, four and six stages of personal physical and mental development.
There are three motivations: endogenous theory (Mencius, Freud, Wilson and gesell), exogenous theory (Xunzi, Locke and Watson) and interactive theory (Marxism).
Four factors: The factors that affect individual physical and mental development include heredity (premise and foundation), environment (providing possibility), education (leading role) and individual's subjective initiative (decisive factor).
Six laws: the laws of individual physical and mental development include: continuity, sequence, stage, imbalance, complementarity and individual difference.
3. Comprehensive education
All-round development education includes: moral education (soul and commander in chief), intellectual education (premise and support), physical education (foundation), aesthetic education (motivation) and labor technology education.
4. Eriksson's theory of personality development
Eriksson divides personality development into eight stages. The main crisis of (3-6 years old) is the sense of initiative and guilt, the main crisis of school age (6- 12 years old) is the sense of diligence and inferiority, and the main crisis of adolescence (12- 18 years old) is self-identity and role confusion.
5. Behaviorism learning theory
Pavlov: Generalization and Differentiation
Thorndike: The law of preparation, the law of practice and the law of effect.
Skinner: the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment
6. Those ancient books
Six arts: ceremony, music, shooting, imperial, writing and counting.
Six Classics: Poetry, Calligraphy, Ceremony, Yi, Music, Spring and Autumn Period.
Four books: University, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
Five Classics: Poetry, Calligraphy, Ceremony, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period.
Seven arts: grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.
7. Teaching methods and principles
Teaching principles commonly used in primary and secondary schools
(1) The principle of combining science and education
(2) The teaching principle of integrating theory with practice.
(3) the principle of intuitive teaching
(4) Heuristic teaching principle
(5) the principle of step-by-step teaching
(6) Integrating teaching principles
(7) The principle of timely feedback
(8) The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
(9) Ability principle
Teaching methods commonly used in primary and secondary schools in China
Teaching method (most commonly used), conversation method, discussion method, demonstration method, visit method, practice method, experiment method, practice method, etc.
8. Three levels of course content
Course plan (what subjects are offered in this country)
Curriculum standards (the basis of textbook compilation and teachers' teaching)
Textbooks (the writing forms of textbooks include straight lines and spirals)
9. Will-motivation conflict
Two-way conflict, avoidance-avoidance conflict, avoidance conflict and multiple avoidance conflicts.
10. Classification of emotions
Emotion: mood, passion, pressure.
Emotion: sense of morality, sense of reason and beauty.
1 1. Fluid intelligence and crystal intelligence
Thiel divides intelligence into fluid intelligence and crystal intelligence. Fluid intelligence is determined by congenital factors, reaching its peak at the age of 20, and declining with age after 30, such as memory. Crystal intelligence is acquired, depending on the acquired education and experience, and has been developing, such as reading ability.
12. New curriculum reform and curriculum structure adjustment
The main features of the curriculum structure embodied in the new curriculum reform include: balance, comprehensiveness and selectivity.
The adjustment of curriculum structure by the new curriculum reform: setting up nine-year compulsory education curriculum as a whole; Comprehensive courses are the main courses in primary schools, combined with comprehensive courses in junior high schools and comprehensive courses in senior high schools; Offering comprehensive practical activities as a compulsory course from primary school to high school; Rural middle school curriculum should serve the local social and economic development.
13. Methods and principles of moral education
The main principles of moral education in primary and secondary schools
(1) guiding principles
(2) Persuasion principle
(3) the principle of respecting and trusting students and strictly demanding students.
(4) The principle of consistency and coherence in education.
(5) the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
(6) the principle of unity of knowing and doing
(7) the principle of relying on positive factors and overcoming negative factors
(8) The principle of combining collective education with individual education.
(9) The principle of combining positive education with discipline.
Moral education methods commonly used in primary and secondary schools
(1) persuasion education method
(2) Emotional cultivation method
(3) the actual exercise method
(4) Model Law
(5) moral evaluation methods
(6) Self-education law
14. The restriction of productivity on education
The development level of productive forces restricts the educational purpose; Restrict curriculum and educational content; It restricts the scale and speed of education development; Restrict the school structure; It restricts the methods, means and organizational forms of learning.
15. The restriction of social, political and economic system on education
The social, political and economic system determines the purpose of education, the leadership of education, the right and degree of education, the nature of educational purpose and the content of ideological and moral education.
16. Basic links of teaching work
The basic links of teaching work include preparing lessons (preparing textbooks, preparing students and preparing teaching methods), attending classes (the central link of teaching work, with clear objectives, prominent focus, correct content, proper methods, clear expression, tight organization and warm atmosphere), arranging and correcting homework after class, tutoring after class and checking and evaluating academic performance (reliability, validity, difficulty and discrimination of test paper analysis).
17. Methods of cultivating class groups
(1) Establish clear objectives.
(2) Cultivate activists and form the core of the class.
(3) form a good class atmosphere
(4) Improve class rules and regulations
(5) Strengthen the daily management of the class.
(6) Strengthen informal group education.
(7) Organize various educational activities.
Advantages of class teaching system
(1) There is a strict system to ensure the normal development of teaching and achieve a certain quality.
(2) It is beneficial to give full play to the leading role of teachers.
(3) It is conducive to the all-round development of students' morality, intelligence and physique.
(4) It is beneficial to cultivate talents in a large area and improve teaching efficiency.
(5) It is conducive to the role of collective education.
(6) It is beneficial for students to acquire systematic scientific knowledge.
The biggest drawback of the class teaching system is that it is not conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.
Classification and quality of attention
Classification: Accidental attention (unintentional attention, no intended purpose, no will to work), accidental attention (intentional attention, intended purpose, no will to work) and occasional attention (intentional afterattention, conscious purpose, no will to work).
Quality: the breadth of meaning, the stability of attention, the distribution and transfer of attention.
20. Effective methods of organizing review.