The guiding principle means that moral education should be ideal and directional, and guide students to develop in the right direction. Because students are in the stage of moral formation and have strong plasticity, it requires school moral education to adhere to the guiding principles and point out the direction for the healthy development of students' moral quality. For example, primary school students are required to learn the national flag, party flag, in the first grade, and take the party line from childhood.

2. Guiding principles

Persuasion principle means that moral education should be guided by persuasion, convince people by reasoning, start with improving students' understanding, mobilize students' initiative and make them positive. Pay attention to persuasion and positive education. For example, Confucius is good at inducing. His student Yan Hui spoke highly of Confucius' persuasion. Yan Hui said, "The teacher is good and tempting. He will write to me and ask me for a gift. I can't stop. " It embodies the principle of persuasion.

3. The principle of combining students with strict requirements.

We should not only respect and trust students, but also put forward strict requirements for students, and organically combine strictness with love. Makarenko, a Soviet educator, said: "We should demand as many people and respect as possible." Note: Oppose two tendencies, strict love and lax love.

4, the principle of unity of knowledge and practice (the principle of combining theory with life)

We should not only attach importance to ideological and moral education, but also pay attention to organizing students to participate in practical exercises, and combine awareness raising with behavior development to make students' words and deeds consistent. For example, ancient educators in China always advocated the unity of learning and doing, and attached importance to "matching words with deeds". Confucius emphasized the cultivation of human moral behavior.

He said: "A gentleman is ashamed to do what he says" and "speak slowly and do what he says". For example, Zhu believes that knowing and doing should not be neglected. "When it comes to order, knowing is the first priority and behavior is the most important." "Unity of knowing and doing, work hard. You must not be biased. If you are biased, you will get sick at the same time. "

5. The principle of combining positive education with discipline.

Moral education should not only actively guide, persuade education, stimulate self-awareness, and mobilize students' internal motivation to receive education, but also combine the two organically with necessary discipline. For example, teachers need positive education when educating students, and at the same time, they should restrain students' behavior with the daily behavior norms of primary and secondary schools.

6. The principle of relying on positive factors and overcoming negative factors (the principle of long-term good and saving the lost)

In moral education, educators should be good at relying on and developing students' own positive factors, mobilizing students' enthusiasm for self-education and overcoming negative factors. For example, in the Book of Learning, it is mentioned: "When a scholar makes four mistakes, the teacher must know it, but he learns more, loses more, loses less, loses more, or stops. These four hearts are different. Know his heart, and then you can recover his loss. Those who teach grow well and save those who lose. "

7. The principle of consistency and coherence of educational influence.

In moral education, we should actively coordinate various educational forces, unify our understanding and pace, give full play to the overall function of education in a planned and systematic way, and cultivate students' correct ideology and morality. Note: Home-school club combination.

For example, 5+2=0 shows that the principles of consistency and coherence of educational influence have not been achieved. The teacher contacted the anti-drug police to carry out an extracurricular education activity of "caring for life and staying away from drugs" for students, which reflected the principle of consistency and coherence of educational influence.

8. The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude

The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude means that moral education should proceed from the reality of students' ideological understanding and moral development, and implement different education according to their age characteristics and personality differences, so that each student's moral character can be better developed.

For example, Tao Xingzhi said, "People are like trees. We should make them grow as tall as possible, and we should not force them to grow equally tall. It is to strive for equality on the foothold and freedom at the forefront. " For example, Zhu's "Confucius teaches students in accordance with their aptitude". For example, in the Analects of Confucius, there is another sentence, "Look at what it is, what it is, and what it is for;" It is also a description of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.