Its essence is a system of compulsory education for school-age children and adolescents for a certain period of time in accordance with the provisions of the law. Compulsory education is also called compulsory education and free compulsory education. Compulsory education has the basic characteristics of compulsory, free, universal and secular.
During the Republic of China, it was generally believed that the illiteracy rate was 80%. For example, Chairman Mao put forward in his report 1945 "On Coalition Government": "It is an important task for the new China to eliminate illiteracy among 80% of the population." Just after the founding of New China, the central leadership has reached the education level of developed countries in one step, which reflects the firm belief that no matter how poor the country is, it cannot be poor in education. [ 1]
In 20 16 years, there were 78,000 ordinary primary schools, 52,000 junior high schools, 99130,000 primary school students and 43.294 million junior high school students in the compulsory education stage. [2]
On February 28th, 20 18, a press conference was held to introduce the progress of poverty alleviation through education. The nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students has covered all state-level poverty-stricken counties, benefiting 37 million rural students, and the nutrition and health status has improved significantly [3].
From April 2065438 to April 2009, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued "Several Provisions on Prohibiting Obstruction of Compulsory Education" (hereinafter referred to as "Regulations"), in order to effectively guarantee the implementation of the national compulsory education system and correct illegal acts that seriously affect the growth and development of school-age children and adolescents. [4]
Chinese name
compulsory education
Foreign name
compulsory education
trait
Mandatory, public welfare and universality
limited time
Nine years.
origin
Germany
quick
navigate by water/air
reform measures
Famous sentences of compulsory education
Educational essence
laws and regulations
Main influence
Implementation case
Important significance
Major policies
Color development method
New regulations
Reform opinions
The development of history
Compulsory education originated in Germany. The religious leader Martin Luther was the first person to put forward the concept of compulsory education. After the victory of reform, in order to enable people to learn the Bible, Luther promulgated the compulsory education law. 16 19, the School Law promulgated by the German Weimar Principality stipulated that parents should send their children aged 6~ 12 to school, which is the earliest compulsory education. From 1763 to 18 19, Germany has basically improved the laws and regulations on compulsory education.
After the industrial revolution, compulsory education played a role in making people master industrial knowledge, and the time of compulsory education also ranged from the earliest 3 months to 6 months to 6 years, until 9 years. Only by conforming to the scientific development level and height at that time and mastering the basic operation of industrial manufacturing at that time.
The meaning of obligation includes the obligation of parents and families to make school-age children go to school, the obligation of the state to set up schools to promote learning so that citizens can enjoy education, and the obligation of the whole society to eliminate all kinds of adverse effects that hinder the sound development of school-age children. In the European Reformation Movement in the16th century, Protestant countries advocated extensive education in order to promote religious education. 16 19, the School Law promulgated by Weimar in Germany stipulated that parents should send their children aged 6 ~ 12 to school, otherwise the government would force them to fulfill their obligations. This is the beginning of compulsory education. Most capitalist countries, such as Britain, France and the United States, implemented compulsory education after the 1970s.
The compulsory education stage implements "two exemptions and one subsidy"
According to the statistics of UNESCO, by the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s, nearly 60 countries had implemented compulsory education laws. The length of compulsory education in each country is generally determined by the country's economic development level and cultural and educational level. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the common program of China People's Political Consultative Conference, which played an early role as a provisional constitution, and the national constitution, which was formally promulgated later, clearly stipulated that citizens have the right and obligation to receive education. 1985 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's "Decision on the Reform of the Education System" on May 27th pointed out that compulsory education, that is, the national education guaranteed by the state, society and family for school-age children and adolescents as stipulated by law, is necessary for the development of modern production and life and a symbol of modern civilization.
In the late Qing Dynasty, most countries in Europe and America and Japan in Asia implemented compulsory education. Some officials of the Qing government learned of this situation and used the words "compulsory education" and "compulsory education" when drafting relevant documents of the Qing court in the early 20th century.