1, China psychologist (Pan Wei) pointed out in the book "Educational Psychology" edited by 1980: "The research object of educational psychology is (various psychological phenomena in the educational process)." 197 1 The Encyclopedia of Education published in the United States points out: "Educational psychology is a scientific study of behavior in the process of education. In fact, educational psychology is defined as a science that mainly involves students' learning and teaching in school situations. "
2. Petrovsky of the former Soviet Union pointed out in the book Age and Educational Psychology edited by 1972: "The object of educational psychology is to study the psychological laws of teaching and education."
3. (Good Behavior Game) played by (Barris et al.)
4. The Swiss educator (Pestalozzi) put forward the idea of (educational psychology), emphasizing the combination of education and psychology and advocating the principle of (intuitive teaching), believing that only in this way can students' perception be enriched and their thinking be developed.
5. German educator Herbart put the idea of educational psychology into practice. He divided the teaching process into four stages: (clarity), (association), (system) and (method). Later, their students further developed the above four stages into five stages (preparation, prompt, association, system and method).
6. Educational psychology, as an independent branch of psychological science, occurred in the second half of (19th century).
1867, Russian educator (ushinski) published the first volume (Educational Anthropology), which is a necessary source of educational and psychological knowledge.
1988, the first book named after educational psychology was published by Russian educator and psychologist (Captain Lev) (Educational Psychology).
Starting from 1896, American psychologist (Thorndike) started experimental research on animal learning, and published a book (Educational Psychology) in 1903. It is generally believed that formal educational psychology was initiated by American psychologist Thorndike.
7. Thorndike, Watson, guthrie, Hull and Skinner are the main representatives of the joining school.
8. Cognitive school (Weitemo, Kaufka, Kohler) is the main representative. They advocate "Gestalt Theory".
9. 1908, the first book on educational psychology appeared in China, which was translated by Fang Zongyue from Japanese Koizumi (Practical Educational Psychology).
Later, an introduction to educational psychology translated by Lu Zhiwei (Thorndike) was published. (Vivian) Translation (Gates) (Educational Psychology).
10, individual psychological development is restricted by two factors (congenital) and (acquired).
1 1, (gesell's) (twin crawling experiment)
12, the critical period of human oral development is (2-3 years old); The critical period of written language development is (4-5 years old); The critical period for the development of the number concept is (5-5.5 years old).
13 Piaget's research on children's moral development began with observing children playing "playing marbles".
14, Piaget pointed out that (1 1 year) is the turning point of children's moral judgment from external standards to internal standards.
15, (learning theory) is the cornerstone of educational psychology and plays an important (core) position in educational psychology. The fundamental theoretical problems of learning (essence, process and conditions) solved by learning theory are the theoretical basis for guiding students to learn effectively and teachers to teach effectively.
16. Learning theories are mainly divided into: (connectionist learning theory), (cognitive learning theory), (connectionist-cognitive learning theory) and (humanistic learning theory).
17. There are two ways for people and animals to keep balance with the environment: (instinctive behavior) and (learned behavior).
18, Gagne's learning classification: (1) Wisdom skills; (2) cognitive strategies; (3) oral information; (4) motor skills; (5) attitude.
19, Ausubel's learning classification, according to the way of learning, learning can be divided into (accepting learning and discovering learning); According to the relationship between learning materials and existing knowledge in learners' cognitive structure, learning can be divided into (mechanical learning and meaningful learning).
20. Ausubel divides meaningful learning into: (representative learning, concept learning and proposition learning).
2 1. 1972 In the book Time and Educational Psychology edited by Petrovsky, learning is divided into two categories: (reflective learning and cognitive learning).
22. Chinese scholars divide students' learning into: (knowledge learning, motor skills learning, mental skills learning and social production standard learning).
23. The information processing mode of learning regards the learning process as: (the process of information input-encoding-processing-storage-decoding-output).
judge
1, the study of educational psychology is inseparable from the educational process. In any society, the older generation must pass on the social experience to the younger generation in some way. Everyone is constantly influenced by others from birth.
2. The education process is essentially a process of experience transmission.
3. The study of the educational process is inseparable from the psychological phenomenon in the educational process.
4. Although the external environment can accelerate or delay the individual's physiological development, it cannot change the internal procedure and rhythm of its development.
5. The individual's psychological development is not a process of continuous quantitative change, but a discontinuous process with a series of qualitative different stages of development.
6. Inherent genetic quality and acquired environmental conditions jointly restrict individual psychological development.
7. Learning in a narrow sense refers to students' learning, which is what people usually call learning.