In our country, the word "education" was first seen in the sentence "Educate outstanding people in the world and enjoy three pleasures" in Mencius. Before the 20th century, thinkers mostly used the words "teaching" and "learning" when discussing education. At the beginning of the 20th century, the word "education" translated from Japanese replaced the traditional "teaching" and "learning" and became a basic concept of pedagogy in China.
2. The word "education" is "education" in modern English, "education" in modern French and "erziehung" in modern German, all of which come from Latin "education". "educare" is a noun, which is transformed from the verb "educere". "education re" is a combination of the prefix "e" and the root "education re". The prefix "e" means "out" and the root "ducare" means "leading", which means that something hidden in people is led out by certain means and transformed from a potential into a reality. Education in a broad sense refers to all activities that can enhance people's knowledge and skills, influence people's ideology and morality, and enhance people's physique, whether organized or unorganized, systematic or piecemeal, which can be called education;
In a narrow sense, education is school education, which refers to an activity in which educators, according to the requirements of a certain society or class, follow the laws of the physical and mental development of the younger generation, purposefully, planned and organized to guide the educated to acquire knowledge and skills, cultivate their ideological and moral character, and develop their intelligence and physical strength, so as to cultivate the educated into people needed by a certain society and class;
Education in a narrow sense refers to ideological and moral education.
1. Representative definition of China
(1) The Doctrine of the Mean: "Destiny is nature, truthfulness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching".
(2) Liang Qichao: "What is education? Education is to teach people to be human-to be a' modern' person.
(3) Tao Xingzhi: "Life is education".
(4) Sun Xiting: "Education is the value limit of human development."
(5) "Encyclopedia of China Education Volume": "Education is a social phenomenon to cultivate people and a necessary means to transmit production experience and social life experience."
2. The representative definition of western education
(1) Plato: "What is education? Education is the training for future life, which can make people become kind and noble. " We can assert that education is not like what some people say, they can put knowledge into an empty mind, just as they can put their vision into the eyes of the blind. Education is a kind of "ideological turn".
(2) Comenius: "We already know that the seeds of knowledge, virtue and piety are born in us, but the actual knowledge, virtue and piety are not given to us in this way. This should be obtained from prayer, education and action. ..... In fact, a person can only become a person after proper education. "
(3) Froebel: "Human education is to inspire and teach people, as a self-awakened, thoughtful and rational creature, to consciously, consciously and perfectly express the inner law, that is, the spirit of God, and point out the ways and means to achieve this goal." "The purpose of education is to show loyalty to responsibility, purity and perfection, so it is a sacred life."
(4) Pestalozzi: "All human education is an art that promotes the development of natural nature in its own way." "Education means all-round development of people."
(5) Spencer: "From the biological aspect of education, education can be regarded as a process of perfecting the structure of an organism and making it suitable for biology." "Education is to prepare for the perfect life of future people."
(6) Dewey: "education is life", "education is growth", "education is the transformation of experience" and "learning by doing".
(7) Baglai: "We define social evolution as a gradual process of accumulating and refining human knowledge. In the broadest sense, education is the process of transmitting this knowledge, or education is the process of transmitting the part of the knowledge accumulated by human beings that has eternal and immortal value. "
(8) springer: "Education is a cultural process."