stage of development
The first stage (1919-1925) was the Weimar period. As the headmaster, Gropius put forward the lofty ideal of "new unification of art and technology" and shouldered the sacred mission of training designers and architects in the 20th century. He recruited talents, hired artists and craftsmen to teach, and formed a new education system combining art education with manual production; The second stage (1925— 1932) is the Dessau period. Bauhaus rebuilt in Dessau, Germany, and carried out curriculum reform, implementing the teaching method of integrating design and production teaching, and achieved excellent results. 1928 Gropius resigned as president of Bauhaus, and was succeeded by sepp maier, director of the Department of Architecture. Born in * * *, the architect expanded Bauhaus's artistic radicalism into political radicalism, which made Bauhaus face more and more political pressure. In the end, Meyer himself had to resign at 1930, and was succeeded by L Mies van de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Miss who took over faced the gold-squeezing workshop of Nazi forces.
Force, make every effort to maintain the operation of the school, finally in 1932 10 Nazi occupation of dessau, was forced to close the Bauhaus; The third stage (1932-1933) is the Berlin period. L. ludwig mies van der rohe moved his school to an abandoned office building in Berlin, trying to rally. Because the spirit of Bauhaus was not tolerated by Nazi Germany, in the face of the Nazi government that just came to power, Miss finally got nothing, and announced the permanent closure of Bauhaus in August of that year. 1933+0 1 Bauhaus closed in June, and 14 had to end its development. Bauhaus was formed by the merger of Weimar Art School and Technical School, and its purpose is to cultivate new design talents. Although Bauhaus was called the School of Architecture, architecture specialty didn't appear until 1927, and there were only textiles, ceramics, metalworking, glass, sculpture, printing and other subjects. Therefore, Bauhaus is mainly a design school. In design theory, Bauhaus put forward three basic viewpoints: ① the new unity of art and technology; ② The purpose of design is people, not products; ③ Design must follow the laws of nature and objectivity. These viewpoints have played a positive role in the development of industrial design, making modern design gradually move from idealism to realism, that is, rational and scientific ideas have replaced artistic self-expression and romanticism.
1, emphasizing the collective work mode, in order to defeat the individual barriers of art education and lay the foundation for enterprise work. 2. Emphasis on standards in order to break the careless liberalization and irregularity of art education. 3. Try to establish a new education system based on science, emphasizing the combination of scientific and logical working methods and artistic expression. The above points have shifted the center of teaching from a relatively personal art education system to a science and engineering system. 4. The educational focus of the design of "creative appearance" has been shifted to "solving problems", so the design has got rid of the disadvantages of playing form for the first time and moved towards a truly convenient, practical, economical and beautiful design system, which has laid a solid foundation for modern design. 5. Based on the experiment of Belgian designer Henri van de Wilde, various studios were created, such as metal, wood, ceramics, textiles and photography. Unite a group of outstanding artists and designers to devote themselves to design and build design education on a scientific basis. 6. Breaking the old framework of academic art education, Johnny Eaton, an important Bauhaus teacher and color expert, founded the "Basic Course" on 1920. Before that, there was no such thing as a basic course. At the same time, it created a way of combining large-scale industrial production, which laid the foundation for the development of modern design education. 7. A group of professionals who are familiar with both traditional technology and modern industrial production methods and design rules have been trained, and a concise aesthetic style suitable for large machine production methods has been formed, which has raised the design of modern industrial products to a new level.