The notice pointed out that the 13th Five-Year Plan is the first five-year plan to implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and it is also the most critical five-year plan to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020). The scientific compilation and implementation of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for education is of great significance for meeting the new challenges of economic and social development and serving the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
The circular requires that the 13th Five-Year Plan for education should adhere to the spirit of reform and innovation, conscientiously implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the second, third and fourth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee, implement the outline of education planning, take educating people as the foundation, basically realize the modernization of education as the general task, adhere to the working principle of "giving priority to development, educating people as the foundation, reforming and innovating, promoting fairness and improving quality", deepen comprehensive reform in the field of education and innovate national education.
The circular also stressed that the preparation of the 13th Five-Year Plan for education can be roughly divided into three stages, from now on, the basic idea research and the draft planning framework drafting stage, the planning text preparation stage from 65438+ 10 to March, and the planning release and publicity stage from March to June. All localities should take this progress as a reference, formulate a timetable for local planning, and clarify the key points of work in each stage.
education
● Improve the quality of education.
● Promote balanced development of compulsory education.
● Popularize high school education.
● Gradually classify and promote secondary vocational education to exempt tuition and miscellaneous fees.
● Take the lead in exempting students with financial difficulties from ordinary high school tuition and fees.
● Achieve full coverage of financial aid for students with financial difficulties.
▼ Interpretation
Popularize high school education "short board of secondary vocational schools"
"Popularization" means further improvement on the basis of 86.5%.
"The popularization here should be further improved on the basis of the gross enrollment rate of 86.5%, reaching more than 90%." Wang Feng, director of the Education System Reform Research Office of the Education Development Research Center of the Ministry of Education, told the Beijing News that at present, the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools in China has reached 86.5%. According to the requirements of the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020), by 2020, high school education will be popularized to fully meet the needs of junior high school graduates to receive high school education. According to the outline, the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools in 2020 is 90%.
China's high school education includes ordinary high school and secondary vocational education, and the state also proposes to keep the enrollment scale of ordinary high school and secondary vocational school roughly equal in the future. Secondary vocational education, which is mainly composed of secondary vocational schools, vocational high schools and technical schools, bears the heavy responsibility of popularizing high school education. But Wang Feng admits that in recent years, the scale of secondary vocational schools is shrinking, and more people choose to go to ordinary high schools.
Wang Feng explained that students have the right to choose after graduating from junior high school, but according to the existing enrollment model of senior high school entrance examination, those with high scores can enter senior high school, while those with low scores will face the choice of going to secondary vocational schools or going to society. "The quality of some secondary vocational schools in the economically underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions is not good, which is not very helpful for students to find jobs and work income." Wang Feng said that this led some junior high school graduates to give up further studies, choose to leave school, become apprentices and look for jobs directly.
Therefore, Wang Feng suggested that the focus of popularizing high school education is to improve the quality of secondary vocational education. He believes that deepening the reform of vocational education system and promoting school-enterprise cooperation and group development in secondary vocational schools are the key to improving the attractiveness of secondary vocational schools. However, some local schools have implemented some measures, such as through training in higher vocational and secondary vocational schools, and broadening the channels for secondary vocational graduates to enter colleges and universities. Wang Feng believes that this also enhances the attractiveness of secondary vocational schools.
Let some students with financial difficulties who want to go to secondary vocational schools afford to go to school.
Regarding the policy of gradually promoting the exemption of tuition and miscellaneous fees in secondary vocational education, Wang Feng introduced that the policy of free secondary vocational education for students with financial difficulties in rural and urban families and students majoring in agriculture has been realized. This is the country's policy of benefiting the people, which is intended to make some students with financial difficulties who want to go to secondary vocational schools afford to go to school.
"Vocational education, especially secondary vocational education, many students come from rural areas, and there are more students with financial difficulties. The state also attaches great importance to this aspect. " Zhang Guangming, director of the National Student Financial Assistance Management Center of the Ministry of Education, has previously revealed that the coverage of tuition-free education has increased the most and fastest in recent years. At present, about 90% of students in secondary vocational schools have realized tuition-free.
Wang Feng analyzed that according to the information disclosed by the Fifth Plenary Session, the tuition and miscellaneous fees of secondary vocational schools will be completely exempted in the next step, and ordinary high schools will gradually move forward to students with financial difficulties.
▼ Follow-up-Popularizing high school education = High school is included in compulsory education?
Popularizing senior high school education and gradually realizing free education means that senior high schools are included in compulsory education and the number of years of compulsory education is extended?
"This should be two concepts." Wang Feng believes that because the characteristics of compulsory education include not only universality, but also free and compulsory, for the current high school education with dual-track system, secondary vocational school and ordinary high school, if a student cannot enter ordinary high school after graduating from junior high school, then he should have a choice between attending secondary vocational school and getting employment. Due to the uneven quality of secondary vocational schools, it is difficult to force students to study in a secondary vocational school that does not necessarily have a significant effect on employment.
Hu Zeng, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee and former president of Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, told the Beijing News reporter that he was not in favor of extending the period of compulsory education. In addition to financial reasons, if high school is included in compulsory education, it will even impact the enrollment attraction of secondary vocational education. Hu believes that if the length of compulsory education must be extended, the last year of preschool education should be included in compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas first.
Zhou Hongyu, deputy director of the Standing Committee of Hubei Provincial People's Congress and president of Changjiang Education Research Institute, told the Beijing News reporter that in theory, preschool education and high school education should be included in compulsory education as basic education, but considering the realistic conditions, they should be implemented in stages. Zhou Hongyu tends to include the last year of preschool education in compulsory education first. "If conditions permit, it will rise."