The United Nations Health Organization has given a new definition of health:? What is health? Health is not just the absence of disease, it includes physical health, mental health, communication health and moral health. ? That is to say, if a person is not physically ill, but psychologically unhealthy, with poor psychological quality, or can't adapt to society well, then he still can't be called healthy.
Teenagers are prone to unhealthy psychology because of their rapid physiological and psychological changes, unstable psychological activities, incomplete cognitive structure, unsynchronized physical maturity and psychological maturity, high dependence on society and family, and lack of cultural knowledge and social experience, which makes them more anxious than adults, and will encounter more setbacks, leading to psychological problems or mental diseases, thus more likely to produce psychological obstacles.
According to a statistic published by the World Health Organization, 19% of children commit suicide for fear of being punished, 18% of children suffer from mental illness, and children with mental disorders are most likely to induce suicide. Relevant data show that the detection rate of adolescent behavior problems in China is 12.97%, especially in interpersonal relationship and emotional stability, anxiety, fear, neurasthenia and depression account for more than 16% of the total number of adolescents. What's more, a survey shows that 10.9% of the students have thought of suicide, and 4% of the students have prepared for suicide.
A large number of domestic research data show that psychological barriers have become the number one enemy of teenagers' physical and mental health. And our family is inseparable from the growth of students, and many parents' mental health education for their children is still blank. Many parents who want their children to succeed and their daughters to succeed only pay attention to their children's academic performance and physical health, and there is a misunderstanding that they value intelligence over morality and sports over mental health care. Individual families are not only unaware of their children's psychological needs, but often adopt rude and simple education methods in the face of their abnormal behavior; Some parents can't give timely guidance and help when their children face various physical and psychological problems during their growth, which leads to psychological obstacles for their children.
For example: exam anxiety
[case]? Now as soon as I get the test paper, my mind goes blank. ? Xiaoli got excellent grades from childhood, but after entering the third grade, her grades dropped again. She is bent on being admitted to a key high school and has been studying hard under the pressure of self. After the general review began, every time she got the test paper, her mind was blank and she forgot all the mathematical and physical formulas. She can't do the problem she did before now. She said:? I am ashamed to face my parents. I might as well die. ?
[Coping] Every student has test anxiety, but the degree varies from person to person. Obviously, Xiaoli has typical exam anxiety. At this time, the patient encouragement of teachers and parents is very important. Parents should first accept their children's nervousness and anxiety, listen to their worries and anxiety, and decompress them. Children can also find a bosom friend to vent all kinds of grievances.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
[Case] Since she entered high school, Linlin felt that she was studying harder than before, but the first thing she did when she got home was to sort out all the things at home. After doing these things, you can concentrate on your homework. Sometimes things that have been put away will be taken out and put back. This kind of thing has to be repeated several times, and finally you have to fully realize it yourself before you stop this kind of behavior. It took Linlin a lot of precious time, and she was very depressed about it, but she said she couldn't help herself.
[Coping] Generally speaking, there is a potential reason behind obsessive-compulsive disorder, such as parents' pursuit of perfection and high demands on their children. If parents find that their children are often in a daze, doing homework slowly, biting their nails, shrugging their shoulders, etc. , is likely to be a precursor to obsessive-compulsive disorder. At this time, parents should pay attention to observing their children, understand the reasons why children do this, and take their children to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Frustrated in love
[Case] Xiao Yang, who is tall and thin, has a good impression on the female classmate at the same table since the first year of high school. He always buys two ice creams, lends new books to others, and escorts his deskmate home after school at night. At the end of the term, Xiao Yang proposed excitedly? Develop a relationship? , deskmate said he? Doubt? And asked the teacher to adjust the seat. After being rejected, Xiao Yang had compulsive thinking: Why doesn't she like me? Am I too thin? I don't deserve her? Thinking all day makes his grades decline. Finally one day, he chose to commit suicide.
[Coping] Teenagers' psychological development and physical development are often out of sync, so setbacks in love often make them disheartened. At this time, people with poor psychological endurance are prone to mental illness. Therefore, parents and teachers should find teenagers who are frustrated in love as soon as possible and give them correct guidance and meticulous care.
learning disorder
[Case] Xiaoli just entered school this year, but her parents found that their children were careless when doing their homework, often leaving one more point and one less point, and making mistakes in answering questions. When the test paper was issued, parents found that many questions were missed, but Xiaoli said that she didn't see them at all. Parents feel that there is something wrong with their children's learning attitude and deliberately don't do it.
[Coping] Experts pointed out that Xiaoli actually has a writing disorder. Generally, the eyes of such patients seem to be different from those of others, like? Lazy eyes You will miss a lot of obvious information, which shows that you turn a blind eye when you study. You can throw away the whole question and say you didn't see it later. Such children are most easily misunderstood by teachers and parents. In fact, this is a special learning disability. Only by carrying out relevant visual perception training can we see the effect.
There are many similar examples. What I want to explain here is that the mentality of family education is understandable. But in fact, many parents' requirements for their children's education and study exceed their children's physical and psychological endurance. Moreover, when children fail to achieve their expected goals (such as failing in exams), do you hate iron and not produce? Our parents always blame their children more for not being serious, not working hard, and even beating and cursing. As a result, the consequences are: children are afraid of learning and have bad behavior habits; I don't have a good relationship with my classmates at school and don't like the teacher's education; The relationship with parents at home is even worse. As a result, some students form a vicious circle, and eventually their academic performance plummets, which runs counter to their parents' initial wishes.
So how should our parents pay attention to and face their children's mental health?
Generally speaking, the influencing factors of adolescent mental health problems are mainly environmental factors, school factors, social factors, adolescents' own factors and personality types. Aiming at the mental health problems of teenagers, we focus on cultivating children's six abilities to stay away from mental illness.
First of all: understand your own characteristics and cultivate your self-awareness ability.
Children often don't know their own advantages and disadvantages, their own personality and characteristics, what they can do, what they are suitable for, and there are many goals in the future. In most cases, parents and teachers ask them to do whatever they want, and some children just see their own shortcomings and say so to themselves. Disadvantages? Have an inferiority complex.
If you don't have a correct understanding and objective evaluation of yourself, it is easy to have psychological imbalance when encountering setbacks and competition. Therefore, let them know that everyone has strengths and weaknesses, and only by seeing their own strengths can they cultivate an optimistic and sound personality. Even adults, it is not easy to know themselves correctly. Therefore, we must first know how to evaluate ourselves objectively, have an objective and clear goal in life, and don't demand ourselves to do the impossible, so as to grow up healthily step by step in a happy mood.
Secondly, learn to listen and express, and cultivate good interpersonal skills.
Listen carefully to other people's conversations and opinions, and use appropriate language to communicate and communicate ideas with others. Listen. And then what? Say? Skills are an important part of interpersonal communication.
When communicating with others, some children often do not pay attention to staged speeches or show impatience and indifference, which makes people feel disrespectful? There are also some children who are unwilling to speak their own psychological words and lack a natural and frank attitude when expressing them, which hinders communication with others. They can't share happy things with others, nor can they share troublesome things with others. In this way, because you can't listen and speak for a long time, it's easy to shut yourself up in a Xiaotian field, resulting in an unsociable, withdrawn, depressed or stubborn person who becomes unpopular.
Adults should help them express themselves in verbal and nonverbal ways, express their views, wishes and needs, avoid misunderstanding and suspicion, form good interpersonal relationships, make more friends, let them know how to live in harmony, be friendly and self-denial, and adopt a tolerant, fair, reasonable and restrained attitude towards problems and contradictions in interpersonal communication. Respect others, trust others, and grow up healthily through mutual support and encouragement.
Third: understand emotions and cultivate the ability to relieve stress.
Because of the lack of life experience and limited endurance, teenagers sometimes find it difficult to grasp their emotions, and may not adjust and control their emotions when encountering difficulties and contradictions, resulting in many troubles and conflicts. Long-term emotional depression is the basis of mental illness. Therefore, it is necessary to train them to learn to relieve mental stress, especially for some depressed things, to educate them to learn to vent and relax, to maintain a psychological balance and a good state of mind, not only to be happy in mood, but also to be able to cope with difficulties calmly.
Fourth, understand and support others and cultivate the ability of empathy.
In the one-child family, children are easily taken care of by their parents, which leads some teenagers to only care about their immediate study and life and ignore others. At this time, we should train them to know what is understanding and what is love. In this process, it is very important to put yourself in the other person's shoes, put yourself in the other person's shoes and cultivate the ability of empathy. Helping and supporting others is an effort, but it is gained through this effort? Le? This is an extremely important link for us to cultivate teenagers' happy mood and healthy behavior.
Fifth, effectively solve problems and cultivate coping ability.
Every teenager lives in society, among parents, relatives, teachers, classmates and friends, and even in a very harmonious family, and will encounter some contradictions and conflicts. How to effectively solve this conflict requires learning skills and methods.
For teenagers, they often lack coping attitudes and methods, and don't know where to start to solve problems, which is easy to cause psychological problems such as depression, sadness and panic. In the long run, they will fall into depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is necessary to educate and train their problem-solving ability, cultivate their coping skills, help them understand the objectivity of the emergence and existence of problems, and help them find breakthroughs and methods to solve problems. We should discuss, negotiate, explore and try. Make them learn to actively adapt to the environment and get rid of the problems they encounter as soon as possible. Grow up in solving problems and make progress step by step in solving problems.
Sixth: avoid aggressive words and deeds and cultivate self-discipline ability.
Teenagers are prone to friction and contradiction because of a little thing. If they are light, they will have differences and disunity. If it is heavy, it will be impulsive and aggressive consciously or unconsciously. If this kind of behavior is not effectively corrected and stopped, it will not only cause serious harm to others, but also be a lifelong legacy to itself.
So we should cultivate their strict self-discipline ability, don't fly into a rage for their own interests, and learn to use peaceful methods instead of aggressive behavior. This is not only the way to be a man, but also the basic requirement for the cultivation of healthy psychological quality.
As an educator, facing the complicated psychological situation of children, we should be more clear about the significance of mental health education in schools. It should be said that many experts and scholars have attached great importance to the mental illness of middle school students after a series of problems caused by various mental diseases of teenagers have appeared, and some middle schools in some big cities have set up psychological counseling courses. However, in most small and medium-sized cities and rural schools, educators still pursue the enrollment rate, ignoring the psychological needs of middle school students, who still hear the news of crimes from time to time. What is worrying is that their criminal age is getting younger and younger, and the nature of crime is getting more and more serious. In today's increasingly fierce competition, increasing study pressure and increasing single-parent families, there are more and more students with psychological barriers, and the psychological problems of middle school students are on the rise. Therefore, schools at all levels should attach importance to psychological counseling for students, organize school teachers to master relevant psychological knowledge, let school teachers play the role of psychologists for students, and provide psychological counseling in time according to the abnormal situation of students. Students with serious problems should inform their parents and go to relevant hospitals for treatment.
Finally, I quote a sentence from Professor Wu: Let our teenagers carry it everywhere? Awe? Heart, always full? Grateful? Often expressed thoughts? Blessing? Love, which is mental health and social health; Finally, a very important one is moral health. ? People? One volume is physical health, and the other is mental health. They support each other and form a sound personality, sound morality, sound thoughts, feelings, personality and so on. You can't stand up physically, mentally or mentally. ?
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