During the Second Boer War, Baden-Powell was surrounded by a powerful Boer army in a small town in Mafikeng, which was the famous Battle of Meifugen. Among them, the Meifugen Military Academy Student Regiment is a group of youth regiments that rescue and assist non-commissioned officers trapped in this battle due to military duties, and support the troops by delivering news and maintaining the occupation of Mafikeng. The regiment operated perfectly, which was very helpful for defending Mafikeng (1899- 1900), which was one of the many factors that Badenburg wanted to establish a scout movement. Each member of the Legion received a badge composed of a compass and a spear. The design of this badge is very similar to the international symbol totem made of lily pattern in the boy scout movement later.
In Britain, all citizens borrowed newspapers to imitate his fighting spirit. When the siege of Mafikeng City was lifted, Badenburg became a national hero. This incident also prompted his sales of a small training manual on military training, Boy Scout Aids, to increase greatly.
After returning to England, he noticed that teenagers were very interested in this book, which was often used by teachers and youth groups. It was suggested that he rewrite this book to meet the needs of teenagers, especially the supervision of the Young Christian Army. This group is a large-scale youth sports organization, which trains young people with strict military training methods. Badenberg believes that such an approach will not attract attention. Instead, I think the book can greatly increase some content when it is used in the future boy scout movement. He studied other programs, some of which were used for scouting.
1July, 906, ernest seton thompson gave Badenberg a copy of his book, Birch Bark Roll of Indian Woodcarver. British Canadian, then living in Sidon, USA, met Badenburg on June 1906+00 and shared some views on youth training methods. 1907, Badenberg founded a project called "Boy Patrol". In the same year, in order to test his plan, he gathered 20 teenagers from different social status and held a week-long camping activity on Broncy Island in Puller Port, Dorset, England in August. His organization scheme is an important key system used in boy scout training, which allows teenagers to organize themselves into a team and choose a team leader.
1in the autumn of 907, Arthur Pearson, a famous publisher, began a wide-ranging lecture tour through his arrangement to support Badenberg's forthcoming book Scout. Badenberg not only rewrote his original book Detective Techniques, but also changed the original military orientation content, transforming it into training skills (mainly survival skills) and becoming a book for training non-military orientation figures, border residents and explorers (and later sailors and pilots). In addition, he also increased and expanded some innovative educational principles (scouting methods) through personal psychological education, including competitions and games to attract attention.
Scout Detective was first published in London in June of 1908 and 1 2008 in six biweekly forms, and later published in London in June of 1908 in book form. This book is the fourth best seller since ancient times, and is usually considered as the first edition of the Boy Scout Handbook.
At this time, Badenberg intends to use this plan in some established organizations, especially in the Christian Youth Army founded by william alexander Smith. However, because of his high personal reputation and being attracted by the adventure of outdoor activities in his works, teenagers automatically formed a boy scout team and poured into a large number of people who wanted to ask Badenburg for help. He encouraged them, and the scouting movement began to develop rapidly. After the growth of Scouts, Scouts in the Sea, Scouts in the Air and other special activities have also joined the sport. After the publication of Scout Detective, the Scout Movement began to set up related organizations and teams spontaneously and quickly all over the British Empire. At that time, the first British colonial boy scout chartered outside Britain was in Gibraltar in 1908, and Malta soon followed suit. At that time, the first batch of boy scouts chartered by the British dominion overseas was Canada, followed by Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Chile was the first non-British overseas colony and dominion to establish Boy Scouts. 19 10, scouting organizations existed in Argentina, Denmark, the United Kingdom of Finland, France, the German Empire, the Kingdom of Greece, British India, British Malaya, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. The first Scout Conference was held at Crystal Palace in London in 19 10. About 10000 Scouts and 1 Girl Scouts attended.
This activity was originally dominated by boys and girls from 1 1 to 18, but after the vigorous development of scouting, the need for leaders to coordinate the training and planning of teenagers and girls became very obvious. In the late period of 19 10, the first batch of cub scouts and stage groups of the Luofu Scout joined the movement. At the beginning, these groups operated independently until they were recognized by the scout organizations in their countries or regions and incorporated into the organizations. For example, in the United States, boy scouts were founded in 19 1 1, but they were not recognized until 1930.
Girl Scouts have been part of the Scout Movement from the beginning. Badenberg and his sister, Anne Badenberg, introduced Girl Scouts in 19 10, which was in parallel with the Scout Movement. At the request of the only girl scout attending the Crystal Palace Scout Conference, Anne Badenberg founded the Girl Scout Movement at 19 10 and became the first general leader. 19 14 She founded the Rosebud Stage-later renamed the Girl Scout Stage. With the support of Sir Baden-Powell's wife, Olive Baden-Powell, Anne Baden-Powell resigned as the chief leader in 1920, while Olive Baden-Powell became the chief leader of the Girl Scouts in Britain in 19 18, and became the chief leader in1938. At this time, due to the limitation of social standards and values, Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts inevitably have to develop separately. It was not until A.D. 1990 that two thirds of the scouting organizations belonging to the world scouting movement merged the two movements at the same time.
Badenberg cannot advise and lead all the groups and organizations that want to turn to him alone. The early Scout Attendant Training Camp was 19 10 held in London, and191held in Yorkshire. Sir Badenberg wants to implement this kind of training as much as possible to encourage adults to play a leading role, so the Zhang Mu training course has developed into an approved training program for waiters or leaders. The development of this training was dragged down by the First World War, so the first training was not started until 19 19, and the training was carried out in various countries through boy scout organizations and girl scout organizations. The big garden near London was acquired by the British Boy Scouts Association in 19 19, and became an adult training center and a boy scout campsite. Badenberg wrote "Boy Scout Leader's Assistant" to train boy scout attendants, and wrote other manuals for new boy scout stages or groups, such as Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts. Among these books, one is Rovering to Success, which was written by 1922 to Rover Scouts. In Britain, one of the large-scale waiter training was in 2007, from basic training to professional project training, including stamp training. The important foundation of traditional boy scouts comes from Badenburg's experience in education and military training. When he founded the Boy Scout Movement, he was already a retired army officer at the age of 50. His revolutionary ideas inspired thousands of young people and absorbed and included most activities that had never been thought of from all corners of society. In English-speaking countries at that time, the organizations that could compete with the Boy Scouts Movement were the Christian Boy Scouts and the left-wing non-militaristic woodcarving folk. However, the development and growth of these sports always lag behind the boy scout movement.
Scout training mode has been criticized as too militarized. Military uniforms, class badges, flag-raising ceremonies and brass bands were widely used in the early years because they were part of the normal society at that time; However, since then, these projects have rarely been used or cancelled in the scouting movement and society.
Scouts in Australia attend the Scout's own ceremony, which is an informal spiritual scout ceremony.
Localization is also a very important part of scouting. After adoption and revision in various places, the Scout Movement has been able to accommodate a variety of cultures. In the United States, the Boy Scouts Movement has added a large number of images depicting the life experience on the American border. This situation is not only the use of animal badges by boy scouts, but also the close relationship between American Indians and nature, which leads to the emergence of special gardening survival skills training in boy scouts of america. On the contrary, scout's image in Britain is very similar to that of people in South Asia or the subcontinent, because in the early days, this area focused on investigation. Badenberg's personal experience in India prompted him to adopt Joseph Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, which influenced the main image of Boy Scouts. For example, Accra, the alias of the scout leader in Cub Scouts, is the leader who leads the wolves in the book.
The word "reconnaissance" (formerly called "reconnaissance") sounds like an important adventure in military reconnaissance in wartime, as a prelude to the whole war. In fact, Badenberg originally compiled this military training book "Detective Skills" because he noticed that the skills of newly enlisted British non-commissioned officers in reconnaissance and reconnaissance need to be improved, especially their initiative, independence and observation. But what he didn't expect was that this book was widely concerned by teenagers. Just as he changed the book into Scout, the movement naturally used the term "boy scout" to transform it into "scout".
"Do your duty for God" is an important principle of Boy Scouts, which aims to make teenagers transcend the material world and pursue the meaning in life. Badenberg believes that religious belief is an important factor in boy scout activities. The application and transformation of this principle in other countries are different. In addition to atheists, boy scouts of america can hold senior positions. In the Boy Scouts Association of Britain, adult waiters are needed to give more power, so atheists can be accepted in all positions in the organization, as long as local Committee members are satisfied with the values and beliefs of such waiters and the results obtained from the investigation of young people involved in the Boy Scouts movement. According to the explanation of "adhering to the principle of spiritual life", the boy scouts in Canada have made a very loose definition of "doing one's duty for God", and there is no policy on this principle except atheists.