Shangdu Site in Yuan Dynasty belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit, and it is the capital site of Yuan Dynasty in China. It is located about 20 kilometers northeast of Zhenglan Banner government in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the north bank of Lightning River. This grassland capital, founded by the riders in the north of China, is considered to be the product of the wonderful combination of farming culture in the Central Plains and nomadic culture in the grassland. Historians praise it as comparable to the ancient Italian city of Pompeii. The site of Yuanshangdu is located in Wuyi Ranch, Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the north bank of Lightning River in the upper reaches of Luanhe River. It was built in the sixth year of Mongolian Xianzong (1256), formerly known as Kaiping House, and renamed Shangdu in the fifth year of China's reunification (1264), also known as Shangjing and Luanjing, which was the summer residence of the Empress. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), it was renamed Kaiping House and abandoned in the fifth year of Xuande (1430). 1956 and 1973, the cultural relics team of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia University successively conducted archaeological investigations on it. The ruins of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty are located in Wuyi Ranch, Zhenglan Banner, on the alluvial plain on the north bank of Lightning River (the upper reaches of Luanhe River). Before Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, Yuan Shizu began to build a city in the sixth year of Mongolian Xianzong (1256), formerly known as Kaipingfu; After Kublai Khan acceded to the throne, in the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty (127 1), the title of the country was changed to Yuan, and it was called Shangdu in Kaiping County, also known as Shangjing or Luanjing, and it was the summer capital of Yuan Dynasty. Every summer, the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty leads an important landscape map (65,438+03) of the Shangdu site in the Yuan Dynasty to escape the heat and handle government affairs, so Miyagi was built into a garden-like detached palace. The whole city consists of Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer City triple city. It is about 9 kilometers in circumference, 2050 meters long from east to west and 2 1 15 meters long from north to south. The palace walls are made of bricks, and there are buildings at the four corners. There are pavilions such as Crystal Hall, Hongxi Hall, Muqing Pavilion and Da 'an Pavilion, which lead rivers into the city and build ponds. Around the Imperial City Sanitation Miyagi, the walls are inlaid with stones, and the roads are orderly. The southern half is the official residence and the area where the mansion is located. There are Gan Yuan Temple and Longyan Huayan Temple in the northeast and northwest corners. The outer cities are all built of earth. In the northwest of the imperial city, the northern part is the imperial garden guarded by the emperor, and the southern part is the area where yamen, temples and workshops are located. There are east, south and west compartments outside the city, which are shops, houses and granaries respectively. In the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, the city walls and building foundations were still on the surface. In Mongolian, the city is called "Zhaonaiman Sumo", which means 108 temples, which is based on the misinformation of many buildings in the city ruins. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The ruins of Xanadu

Shangdu, the name of the ancient city of Yuan Dynasty. It is located 25 kilometers east of Huangqi Dayingzi (now Dundahaote), where the Zhenglan Banner People's Government of Xilin Gol League is located, 4 kilometers north of Lightning Gully 1 km and south of Wuyi Ranch. Local herdsmen call it "Northern Naiman Sumer" city, which means 108 temples. Now it is listed as one of the key cultural relics protection units in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Shangdu area is characterized by magnificent mountains and rivers and beautiful scenery. According to ancient records, "Longgang is full of yin, Luanhe River flows its yang, four mountains are guarded, and the atmosphere is lush. There are large pine forests and exotic birds in the northeast ... There are trees in the mountains, colored salt in the water, messy department stores and rich animal husbandry, which are widely used by residents. " Before the Shang capital was established, the Jin Dynasty belonged to Zhou Huan. Genghis Khan evaded the institution here. In the fifth year of Menggehan (1255), Kublai Khan was ordered to be stationed here, and the next year he opened the government to build a walled palace. Yuanshangdu was built in 1256 and 1259. In the first year of China's reunification (1260), Kublai Khan worked here, called Kaiping House, on the plus sign of 1264. Since the year after next, I have been patrolling and coming unexpectedly. I have become a permanent summer capital after the cold, and I am called the second capital with Beijing. Shangdu City consists of Outer City, Imperial City, Miyagi City and Outer Garden. The circumference of the outer city is about eighteen miles. The inner city is the imperial city, and the outer city is the urban area. There are about 60 palaces and 160 temples in the city, including Daming Hall, Yitian Hall, Baoyun Hall, Lichen Hall, Blessing Hall, Hongxi Hall, Ruisi Hall, and pavilions such as Daan, Swallow, Lianxiang, Rosewood and Ninghui. Important buildings such as Green Pearl, Yingzhou Hall and Tang Zhen. Except the central and northern parts of the city.

The ruins of Xanadu

The big palace in the middle of the city wall is located outside the center line, and most buildings do not adopt symmetrical layout. Each hall, pavilion and pavilion has its own characteristics, either close to the biogas digester or connected by canals and pavilions, with different shapes and sizes, different colors and customs, which are extraordinary and refined. The above-mentioned post roads leading to various places extend in all directions and are the transportation hub between Mobei and the Central Plains. During the Yuan Dynasty, merchants and craftsmen gathered in Shangdu area and prospered. There are not only businessmen from China, but also businessmen from Central Asia and Europe. They brought all kinds of metal utensils, daily necessities and luxury goods to the ruling class, and then shipped livestock products from Shangdu area, which promoted the economic prosperity of Mongolia centered on Shangdu. 1358, the Red Scarf Army conquered Shangdu and burned down the palace. It ended the history as a generation of capital.

Respondents added 2011-04-2021:Since 1996, 27 yuan Shangdu site application project has been carried out in an orderly manner, with a breakthrough in 20 10, and it was approved by China in 20 12. In order to make the application for the site of Yuanshangdu a household name, our league will hold the knowledge contest of Yuanshangdu Site, the knowledge contest of Yuanshangdu Site in my heart, the painting contest of Yuanshangdu Site for primary school students and the essay contest of Yuanshangdu Site in my heart.

The knowledge contest on the application of "Hundred Questions" in Shangdu Site in Yuan Dynasty was jointly organized by the Propaganda Department of Communist Youth League Committee, Communist Youth League Committee, Culture and Sports Bureau, Radio and Television Bureau, Education Bureau, Ethnic Affairs Bureau, Justice Bureau and Xilingol Daily. The activity started on March 18 and ended on May 18.

The knowledge contest of applying for World Heritage in Yuanshangdu was led by the Youth League Committees of counties and cities (districts), and the Cultural and Sports Bureau cooperated to form a team. Xilin Gol Military Division, Xilin Gol Vocational College, League Education System, League Health System and League Federation of Industry and Commerce (private enterprises) each organized a team to participate in the competition. The competition will be eliminated in the preliminary round, and finally six teams will participate in the final. The competition time is June 5th.

The "Yuanshangdu in My Heart" Primary School Students' Painting Competition of Yuanshangdu Site is hosted by the Yuanshangdu Site Application Office of the Communist Youth League Committee, and undertaken by the Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League Committee, the Cultural and Sports Bureau of the Communist Youth League Committee, the Education Bureau and the Communist Youth League Committee. The theme of the painting is to love the motherland and hometown, and to cheer for the application for the World Heritage in the Yuan Dynasty. The activity ended on May 18.

In my mind, the essay contest for middle school students applying for the World Heritage in Yuanshangdu Site was hosted by the Office of Applying for the World Heritage in Yuanshangdu Site in Mengyuan, and was undertaken by the Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League Committee, the Cultural and Sports Bureau of the Communist Youth League Committee, the Education Bureau and the Youth League Committee. The content of the essay is to praise the motherland, love my hometown, look back on the glorious history of Yuanshangdu and look forward to the bright future of Yuanshangdu. I applied for the theme of a new chapter in the heritage of the Shangdu site in Yuan Dynasty, and the essay activity was held on March 20th and May 18.