Tualatin

This is the well-known "tualatin" core, which is the last CPU core of Intel on the Socket 370 architecture. Using 0. 13um manufacturing process and adopting FC-PGA2 and PPGA packaging methods, the core voltage is also reduced to about 1.5V, the main frequency is from 1GHz to 1.4GHz, and the external frequencies are 100MHz (Celeron) and respectively. Secondary cache 5 12KB (Pentium III-S) This is the strongest Socket 370 core, and its performance even exceeds that of the early low-frequency Pentium 4 series CPU.

Willamette

This is the kernel used in the early Pentium 4 and P4 Celeron. Socket 423 interface was adopted at first, and then it was changed to Socket 478 interface (Celeron only has 1.7GHz and 1.8GHz, both of which are Socket 478 interfaces), and the manufacturing process was 0. 18um, and the front-end bus frequency was 400MHz. The main frequency ranges from 1.3GHz to 2.0GHz(Socket 423) and 1.6GHz to 2.0GHz(Socket 478), and the secondary cache is 256KB (Pentium 4) and 128KB (Celeron) respectively. Note that there are also some Pentium 4 models with Socket 423 interface without secondary cache! The core voltage is about 1.75V, and the packaging methods are PPGA INT2, PPGA INT3, OOI 423 pin, 423 socket PPGA FC-PGA2, 478 socket PPGA FC-PGA2, PPGA adopted by Celeron, etc. Willamette core is backward in manufacturing technology, high in calorific value and low in performance, and has been eliminated and replaced by Northwood core.

Northwood

This is the core adopted by the current mainstream Pentium 4 and Celeron. Compared with Willamette core, the biggest improvement is to adopt 0. 13um manufacturing process and Socket 478 interface. The core voltage is about 1.5V, and the secondary cache is 128KB (Celeron) and 5 12KB (Pentium 4) respectively. The front-end bus frequency is 400/533/800MHz (Celeron is only 400MHz), and the main frequency ranges from 2.0GHz to 2.8GHz (Celeron) and 1.6GHz to 2.6GHz(400MHz FSB Pentium 4). 2.26GHz to 3.06GHz(533MHz FSB Pentium 4) and 2.4GHz to 3.4GHz(800MHz FSB Pentium 4), as well as 3.06GHz Pentium 4 and all 800MHz Pentium 4 support hyper-threading technology, and the packaging methods are PPGA FC-PGA2 and PPGA. According to Intel's plan, Northwood core will be replaced by Prescott core soon.

Prescott (man's first and last name)

This is the core of high-end Pentium 4 EE, mainstream Pentium 4 and low-end Celeron D. The biggest difference between Prescott core and Northwood core is that the 90nm manufacturing process is adopted, the data cache of L 1 is increased from 8KB to 16KB, and the pipeline structure is also increased from 20 stages to 3 1 stage, which supports the SSE3 instruction set. Prescott's core CPU originally used Socket 478 interface, and now it has been basically switched to Socket 775 interface. The core voltage is1.25-1.525 V. In terms of front-end bus frequency, Celeron D is all 533MHz FSB. Except Celeron D, other CPUs are 533MHz (not supporting Hyper-Threading Technology) and 800MHz (supporting Hyper-Threading Technology), with a maximum of 1066MHz (supporting Hyper-Threading L2 cache of 256KB (Celeron D), 1 MB (Pentium 4 with socket 478 interface and Pentium 4 5XX series with Socket 775 interface) and 2MB (Pentium). The packaging methods are PPGA (socket 478) and PLGA (socket 775). Prescott core has been continuously improved and developed since its launch, including hardware anti-virus technology Execute Disable Bit(EDB), energy-saving technology enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology (EIST), virtualization technology Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) and 64-bit technology EM64T. The second-level cache is also increased from the initial 1MB to 2MB. According to Intel's plan, Prescott core will be replaced by Cedar Mill core.

Smithfield

This is the core type of Intel's first dual-core processor. Basically, it can be considered that Smithfield nucleus is the product of simple coupling of two Prescott nuclei. This is a loosely coupled scheme based on independent cache. Its advantage is simple process, but its disadvantage is unsatisfactory performance. At present, Pentium D 8XX series and Pentium EE 8XX series all adopt this kind of kernel. For more information about Smithfield, see Intel Dual-Core.

Xuesong mill

This is the core of Pentium 4 6X 1 series and Celeron D 3X2/3X6 series which appeared at the end of 2005. The biggest difference between it and Prescott core is that it adopts 65nm manufacturing process, and other aspects have not changed much, which can basically be regarded as the 65nm process version of Prescott core. Cedar grinding core adopts Socket 775 interface, the core voltage is about 1.3V, and the packaging method is PLGA. Among them, all Pentium 4 caches are 800MHz FSB and 2MB L2, and all of them support hyper-threading technology, hardware antivirus technology EDB, energy-saving and power-saving technology EIST and 64-bit technology EM64T；; Celeron D is a 533MHz FSB, 5 12KB L2 cache, which supports hardware antivirus technology EDB and 64-bit technology EM64T, but does not support hyper-threading technology and energy-saving technology EIST. Cedar Mill Core is also the core type of Intel processor's last single-core processor based on NetBurst architecture. According to Intel's plan, Cedar Mill core will be gradually replaced by Conroe core with Core architecture.

preissler

This is the core adopted by Pentium D 9XX and Pentium EE 9XX, which was also launched at the end of 2005. Basically, the Presler kernel is the product of simple coupling of two Cedar Mill kernels, which is a loose coupling scheme based on independent cache. Its advantage is simple process, but its disadvantage is unsatisfactory performance.

Jona

At present, there are dual-core Core Duo and single-core Core Solo using Yonah core CPU, and Celeron M also uses this core. Yonah was launched by Intel in early 2006. This is a core type of single/dual-core processor, which is characterized by very flexible application, whether it is a desktop platform or a mobile platform. Dual-core and single-core can be used. Yonah core comes from the excellent architecture of Pentium M, a famous processor on the mobile platform, which has the advantages of less pipeline stages, high execution efficiency, powerful performance and low power consumption. Yonah core adopts 65nm manufacturing technology, and the interface type is an improved version of Socket 478 interface (incompatible with the previous desktop Socket 478). Yonah core supports hardware antivirus technology EDB and energy-saving technology EIST, but its biggest regret is that it does not support 64-bit technology and only supports 32-bit processors. It is worth noting that Core Duo's Yonah kernel uses two cores to share 2MB L2 cache. The shared second-level cache is combined with Intel's "Smart Cache" shared cache technology to realize real cache data synchronization, greatly reducing data delay and front-end bus occupation. Yonah core is a tightly coupled shared cache scheme, which has the advantage of ideal performance and the disadvantage of complex technology.

For Intel's dual-core type, please refer to the terminology: Intel dual-core type.

What models of Intel snb platform cpu are there at present? I series is Core, and G series is Pentium and Celeron desktop series.

Celeron is a dual-core and dual-thread (excluding hyper-threading technology), which is positioned at the low end: g440, g530,

Pentium is also dual-core and dual-thread (without hyper-threading technology), positioning entry-level: g620, g630, g850, g860.

Desktop i3 dual-core four threads, i3 2 100, i3 2 120.

I5 are all quad-core and four-thread i5 2300, i5 2320, i5 2500, and i5 2500k (with K, it means that the frequency doubled version is unlocked and can be overclocked).

I7 is at least four cores and eight threads, i7 2600, i7 2600k, i7 2700, i7 2700k.

SNB also includes server cpu, Xeon series, E5- 1620, E5- 1650, E5- 1660, E5-2400, E5-2600 and E5-4600.

SNB-E is the highest-end product of SNB, including i7 3820, i7 3930k and i7 3960x (the last two are six cores and twelve threads).

SNB-EP is the server version of SNB-E, which has a 16 thread version of eight nuclear, and has no core graphics card.

The Pentium of notebooks are B series B940 and B960.

I3 i5 are all dual-core and four-threaded, with an m at the end.

I7 except i7 2620m and i7 2640m are dual-core and four-thread, others are four-core and eight-thread, with qm at the end. I7 2920xm, i7 2960xm, with xm at the end, are also four cores and eight threads, but they can be overclocked without frequency doubling.

What types of CPU does Intel have? Intel Corporation is the largest semiconductor chip manufacturer in the world. Founded in 1968, it has a history of product innovation and market leadership for 35 years. 197 1 year, Intel introduced the world's first microprocessor. This move not only changed the future of the company, but also had a far-reaching impact on the whole industry. The revolution of computer and Internet brought by microprocessor has changed the world.

In February 2002, Intel was selected by Fortune magazine as the top ten "most admired companies" in the world, ranking ninth. At the end of 2002, Fortune magazine ranked the "Best Companies in 2002" according to six criteria, including business performance, staff level, management quality and company investment value. In this ranking, Intel ranks first in the world. At the same time, Intel ranked 28th in the list of "Best Employers in the World in 2002".

In May 2003, the Chinese edition of Harvard Business Weekly published the list of "Best Employers in China in 2002", and Intel (China) Co., Ltd. ranked eighth. This was selected by the world-renowned human resources company HewittGlobalHRConsultingFirm* and the Chinese version of Harvard Business Weekly through a joint survey of employees. In 2002, Intel's revenue was $26.8 billion and its net income was $3 1 billion. July 18, 2003, the 35th anniversary of the founding of Intel Corporation. Dr. Barrett, CEO of Intel Corporation, recalled: "Over the past 35 years, our unremitting pursuit of Excellence and perfection has laid a solid foundation for us to continuously introduce innovative ideas and maintain innovative ability, and also enabled Intel to maintain a leading position in the most competitive industry in the world. Our efforts have brought earth-shaking changes to the world, and we will continue to change the future of the world, which is exactly what we deserve to celebrate today. "

Intel provides building blocks for the global growing computer industry, including microprocessors, chipsets, motherboards, systems and software. These products are part of the standard computer architecture. The industry uses these products to design and manufacture advanced computers for end users. Today, the growing development of the Internet not only changes the business operation mode, but also changes the way people work, live and play, and becomes an important driving force for global economic development. As one of the leading companies in the global information industry, Intel is committed to providing building blocks for the growing global Internet economy in terms of clients, servers, network communication, Internet solutions and Internet services.

Intel's China office has 13 representative offices in China (Mainland China), which are located in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Chongqing, Shenyang, Jinan, Fuzhou, Nanjing, Xi, Harbin and Wuhan. The company's Asia-Pacific headquarters is located in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Intel also has a research center in China, namely Intel China Lab, which consists of four different research centers and was announced in June 2000. China Laboratory mainly studies the future application of computers and product development, aiming at promoting the process of adopting advanced technology in China, thus further promoting the development of domestic Internet economy. In addition, Intel China Lab is also responsible for coordinating research collaboration between the lab and other Intel labs around the world, and funding research projects of domestic universities and research institutions. Pat Kissinger, global vice president and chief technology officer of Intel Corporation, directly leads the work of Intel China Lab.

Intel's Mission in China Intel's business focus in China is consistent with its global business focus, that is, to become an excellent supplier of building blocks for the global Internet economy. In addition, Intel has always been committed to being the cornerstone to promote the development of information technology in China. In China, this strategy can be reflected in a series of activities of Intel in China: * Technology start-up: Intel has an Intel China laboratory in China, which consists of four laboratories in different research fields. For example, Intel China Lab, which belongs to Intel Microprocessor Research Lab, mainly studies the related work of microprocessor and platform architecture, and promotes the leading position of Intel processor architecture (IA) technology in the industry.

Specific research areas include audio/video signal processing and PC-based related applications, as well as advanced compilation technology and runtime system research that can promote the design of future microstructures and next-generation processors. There are also Intel China Software Lab, Intel Architecture Development Lab, Intel Internet Exchange Architecture Lab and Intel Wireless Technology Development Center. In addition, Intel has also conducted joint research and development of IA-64-bit compilers with well-known domestic universities and research institutions such as Computing Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and achieved gratifying results.

On June 5438+ 10, 2002, Intel Corporation announced the establishment of Intel Asia-Pacific Application Design Center (ADC) in Shenzhen. The center is aimed at OEMs and ODM manufacturers in China's computing and communication industries, aiming to meet their demand for world-class design and calibration services and help them develop better products for their customers. Intel Asia-Pacific Application Design Center (Shenzhen) will provide advanced product development and technical support services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region, including Shenzhen and other parts of China, to help customers in the Asia-Pacific region and China strengthen their global competitiveness and promote cooperation among these customers. Intel also invests in IT technology in China through its strategic investment department (IntelCapital) to promote the development of China-type technologies, such as wireless communication technology, thus promoting the development of the global Internet economy.

So far, Intel's strategic investment department has invested nearly $600 million in the Asia-Pacific region, including nearly 30 investments in China. * Technology manufacturing: Today, Intel has a chip testing and packaging factory with an investment of 500 million US dollars in Shanghai, providing world-class packaging and testing for flash memory, I845 chipset and Pentium 4 processor based on 0. 13 micron technology, and providing the world with the highest performance processor products; At the same time, it has also trained a large number of domestic knowledge workers who have mastered the world-class chip manufacturing technology. * Market education and popularization of applications: Intel has always regarded helping to promote the development of computer industry and Internet economy in China as its primary strategy in China. Since 2000, Intel (China) Co., Ltd. has been sponsoring ISEF China contact activities. This competition is called "China Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition" and is sponsored by China Association for Science and Technology. In 200 1 year, China sent 16 students to participate in the 52nd Intel International Science and Engineering Grand Prix * held in Silicon Valley, California, USA, and won 17 awards, including bonuses, bonuses and scholarships totaling $87,000. In 2002, Intel ISEF's contact activities in China attracted 654.38+0.5 million middle school students nationwide, among which 265.438+0 outstanding students will be sent to the United States to participate in the 53rd Intel International Science and Engineering Grand Prix held in Kentucky in May. In July 2000, Intel Future Education Project was launched in China.

P4 is Benz, the early secondary cache was from 256 to 1M, the secondary cache of stadium D was all 256, and the secondary cache of PD was 2* 1M of Pentium D.. Centrino is the abbreviation of two words: Centre and neutrino. It consists of mobile processor (CPU), related chipset and 802. 1 1 wireless network function module. Xunchi brand

Intel released a low-priced version of Centrino processor-Celeron M processor. The English name is IntelCeleron-MProcesser. So what are its characteristics? What's the difference between IntelPentium-M and Centrino processor? Now answer these questions.

1. What is a Celeron processor? Everyone knows that Pentium processors, from the earliest Pentium to the current Pentium 4, are all P4 processors. These processors are all products promoted by Intel on mainstream price machines, and the pricing is relatively high. However, in order to meet the demand of low-cost and high-capacity market, Intel had to introduce low-cost processor products, so Celeron processor was born.

2. What is the difference between Celeron processor and Pentium processor? Celeron processor and Pentium processor are exactly the same in computing core, but the difference is that the size of secondary cache is different. The L2 cache size of existing desktop processor P4 is 5 12KB, while the L2 cache size of P4 Celeron is 128KB. The second-level cache size of Pentium M processor used in notebook is 1MB, and that of new Celeron M processor is 5 12KB, which is the same as P4. Pentium M and Celeron M processors are the same except for the size of L2 cache.

What is L2 cache? What is this for? Secondary cache, also called L2CACHE, is some buffer memories inside the processor, which have the same functions as memory. How is it formed? Back in the 1980s, as the speed of the processor became faster and faster, the speed required for the processor to read data from the memory became higher and higher. However, the speed of memory is very slow, and the memory that can read and write data at high speed is very expensive and cannot be widely used. From the perspective of cost performance, Intel and other processor design and production companies have come up with a way to provide data for processors with a small amount of high-speed memory combined with a large amount of low-speed memory. This gives consideration to the optimization of performance and use cost. And those high-speed memories are called buffer memories because they are located between CPU and memory, and they are also places where data is temporarily stored, so they are called "cache" for short. It acts as a temporary storage place for goods in a warehouse. When the goods are put down from the transport vehicle, they are temporarily stacked in the cache area and then moved to the internal storage area for long-term storage. The goods are stored in this area for a short time, which is a temporary freight yard. At first, there was only a first-level cache, but later, the processor speed increased and the first-level cache was not enough, so a second-level cache was added. The second-level cache is a slower and larger memory than the first-level cache, which is mainly used for temporary data exchange between the first-level cache and the memory. Now, in order to adapt to the faster processor P4EE, there is a three-level cache, which has a larger capacity and is slower than the second-level cache, but much faster than the memory. The appearance of cache greatly improves the running efficiency of CPU processor. This area is full of data frequently used by CPU, so the larger the cache, the higher the efficiency of the processor. At the same time, because the physical structure of cache is much more complicated than memory, its cost is also very high.

The widespread use of L2 cache results in the improvement of processor operating efficiency and the substantial inequality of cost and price. For example, the Xeon processor used in the server is basically the same as the ordinary P4 processor, but the secondary cache is different. Xeon's L2 cache is 2MB ~ 16MB, and P4 is 5 12KB, so the cheapest Xeon is more expensive than the most expensive P4 because the L2 cache is different.

3. What are the characteristics of the new Celeron M processor? The new Celeron M processor is a simplified version of Pentium M processor (commonly known as Centrino processor), which reduces the second-level cache of Pentium M processor by half, and the rest are exactly the same as Pentium M processor. In addition, in order to distinguish between the two processors, Intel reduced the running frequency of Celeron M processor, and the current highest frequency is 1.2GHz. After that, Celeron M processor will always be 0. 1GHz lower than the mainstream Centrino processor. This is due to Intel's product policy.

4. The difference between Celeron M processor and Celeron processor The difference between the new Celeron M processor and P4 Celeron lies in: firstly, the processor cores are different, one is the core of Centrino (Celeron M) and the other is the core of P4 Celeron, so Celeron M is much better than P4 Celeron in data operation efficiency, which can be described as a natural beauty. Second, the secondary cache is different. The L2 cache of Celeron M is 5 12KB, which is equivalent to the L2 cache size of the current mainstream P4 processor, while the L2 cache of P4 Celeron is only 128KB, which is very small. According to the above, its operational efficiency will be much lower than that of its competitors. So Celeron M processor will be much better than P4 Celeron.

5. Comparison between Celeron M processor and Pentium 4 processor Celeron M processor is different from P4 processor in two aspects: First, their cores are different, one is Centrino core and the other is P4 core. This is of course the core of Centrino, with high operating efficiency, low energy consumption and low calorific value. Second, they use different energy-saving technologies. Celeron M uses the same energy-saving technology as Centrino, so its battery life is longer than P4M. Celeron M's L2 cache capacity is the same as P4, but its kernel running efficiency is higher than P4, so its actual use efficiency is better than P4 with the same frequency. Coupled with the reasonable price, users actually bought a better processor.

What are Intel's CPUs from high to low?

Mobile Platform U Performance Ranking (Intel, Non-Intel)

1 Intel Core 2 Quad-core QX9300 Quad-core 2.53GHz 9639

2 Intel Core 2 Quad-Core Q9 100 Quad-Core 2.26GHz 8785

3 Intel Core 2 Quad-core Q9000 Quad-core 2.0GHz 7699

4 Intel Core 2 Dual Core T9600 2.80GHz 5877

5 Intel Core 2 Dual Core T9400 2.53GHz 5303

6 Intel Core 2 Dual Core T9300 2.5GHz 5276

7 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor P8600 2.40GHz 4973

8 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T8300 2.40GHz 4785

9 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor P8400 2.26GHz 4682

10 Intel Core 2 Duo processor T7450 2. 13GHz 4440

1 1 Intel Core 2 dual-core processor T6600 2.2GHz 4370

12 Intel Core 2 Duo processor T7500 2.20GHz 43 12

13 Intel Core 2 Duo processor P6570 2. 1GHz 4284

14 Intel Core 2 dual-core processor T8 100 2. 10GHz 4247

15 Intel Core 2 Duo processor T5900 2.2GHz 4 147

16 Intel Core 2 dual-core processor P7350 2.0GHz 4 120

17 Intel Core 2 Duo processor P7370 2.0GHz 4094

18 Intel Core 2 Duo T6400 2.0GHz 407 1

19 Intel Core 2 Duo processor T5850 2. 16GHz 4069

20 Intel Core 2 Duo T5800 2.0GHz 3850

2 1 Intel Pentium dual-core t4200 Pentium dual-core (Xun 2) 2.0GHz 3795

22 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T7250 2.0GHz 376 1

23 Intel Pentium dual-core T3400 Pentium dual-core (Xun 2) 2. 16GHz 37 17

24 AMD Turion×2 TL-66 2.3GHz 3600

25 Intel Pentium dual-core T24 10 2.0GHz 354 1

26 AMD Turion×2 ZM-82 2.20GHz 3536

27 Intel Pentium dual-core T3200 Pentium dual-core (Xun 2) 2.0GHz 3534

28 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T5550 1.83GHz 348 1

29 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T56701.80HZ3442

30 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T7 100 1.80GHz 3407

3 1 Intel Core Duo processor T2450 2.0GHz 3390

32 Intel Core Dual Core T2500 2.0GHz 338 1

33 AMD turion×2 TL-62 2. 1 GHz 33 14

34 Intel Pentium dual-core T2390 1.86GHz 3303

35 AMD turion×2 ZM-80 2. 10 GHz 3270

36 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor L7500 1.60GHz 3 158

37 Intel Pentium dual-core T23701.73 GHz 3141

38 AMD Turion×2 RM-70 2.0GHz 3072

39 Intel Celeron Dual-Core t 1600 Celeron Dual-Core 1.66GHz 2979

40 Intel Pentium dual-core T2330 1.60GHz 29 10

4 1 Intel Core 2 dual-core processor T5250 1.50GHz 2904

42 Intel Core 2 Duo processors SU9400 1.40GHz 2862

43 Intel Celeron Dual-Core t 1400 Celeron Dual-Core1.73 GHz 2811

44 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor U7700 1.33GHz 256 1

45 AMD turion×2 TL-50 1.60 GHz 25 17

46 Intel Core 2 dual-core processor SL71001.20 GHz 2334

47 Intel Core 2 dual-core processor L7 100 1.20GHz 2306

48 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor P75001.60 GHz 2211

49 Intel Celeron M550 2.0GHz 1889

50 Intel Celeron M540 1.86GHz 1705

5 1 Intel Celeron M530 1.73GHz 1628

52 Intel Core 2 Duo processors SU9300 1.2GHz 1468

53 AMD Athlon Neo MV-401.6 GHz1323

54 Atom Z530 1.6GHz 837

55 VIA Nano 1300+MHz 836

56 atoms N270 1.6GHz 542/825

57 Through C7-M 1.6GHz 408

What are the Intel 478-pin CPU running 4 with 478 pins? For example, the 775 pin used in the Core 2 series processors.

What Intel and AMD platforms are there? Which ones are good? Intel's technology architecture technology is far ahead of AMD. Volkswagen has long known that the flagship FX-8 150 8 core of low-end AMD and high-end Intel AMD can't do it, but the i5 2500K quad-core in the middle of Intel arithmetic. Look at the difference between i7 and 2600k. We have finished all the U's of AMD in seconds. I7 3960x estimates that even the next generation of AMD will be killed (the next generation), so it is good to have a grade of 2600K. AMD is much worse than Intel. How long did the well-received bulldozer wait? This is the strongest server in the Xeon series.

What are Intel's high-end CPUs? The most commonly used is the Core series low-end i3 mainstream i5 high-end i7.

What are the computers of Intel's sixth-generation CPU skylake platform? Skylake platform has not been commercialized, so there is no brand machine with skylake architecture at present. You can only buy hardware and assemble it yourself. X Bao has it, but U is the beta version of ES engineering, and the official version is not yet available.