195110/0 in October, China promulgated a new educational system of five years for primary school, three years for junior high school and three years for senior high school, which was implemented from 1952. It has just been implemented for one year, but it stopped because of the low level of teachers and the inadaptability of teaching materials. Since then, the 63-year schooling system has been continued, namely 1922 schooling system. Among them, there are some fluctuations. For example, some places still use the 5-3-3 academic system, but nationwide, the 6-3-3 academic system is mainly popular.

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educational system

The May 4th educational system is a system of five years in primary school and four years in junior high school. What is being implemented now?

The experiment started in 198 1 year and was conducted in the primary school attached to Beijing Normal University. 1989 The former State Education Commission proposed to actively promote the May 4th education system reform experiment. After that, the scale of the experiment was further expanded to many parts of the country.

1. Theoretical basis

(1) Five-year primary schools are conducive to universal primary education. In many parts of our country, the economy is backward, the national quality is low, and the problem of dropping out of school is serious. Only a few students can persist in finishing primary school for six years. Changing primary school to five-year system is more conducive to popularizing primary education. Experiments show that primary schools can complete their tasks in five years, and it is more conducive to the improvement of educational benefits.

(2) The implementation of four years of junior high school can overcome the disadvantages of students' overburdening and high dropout rate. It is more conducive to the healthy development of students' body and mind. The research shows that the physical and mental development of teenagers in China is 1-2 years ahead of schedule and has been implemented.

It is more conducive to the physical and mental development of teenagers; You can have time to take some vocational courses to improve students' professional quality and

2. Specific practice

The key and difficult point of the May 4th Movement lies in junior high schools, and its basic methods are: (1) adjusting the curriculum plan, in addition to adding Chinese, foreign languages and mathematics.

In addition, we should also ensure the subjects of sound, body and beauty. Increase students' free time. (2) Strengthen the construction of teaching materials. Generally, there are three categories: unified teaching materials; Experimental textbooks and local textbooks. (3) Strengthen labor technology education and combine education with productive labor. Infiltrating vocational courses is also conducive to the development of diversion education.

Through the implementation of the May 4th Movement, students' burden was relatively reduced and their enthusiasm for learning was enhanced. The comprehensive quality of students has been developed. In particular, the content of vocational education has been increased to meet the needs of local economic construction, and students can enter colleges and universities and find jobs. It is more conducive to completing the "double task" of primary education.

63 academic system

The "six-three system" is a system of six years in primary school and three years in junior high school. The main feature is to attach importance to the knowledge base. It can be traced back to the educational system reform of 1922. It has a wide influence in China.

1. Theoretical basis

Six years of primary school is relatively affluent and can provide more and richer courses. Junior high school is set up for three years, and the curriculum is relatively compact, which is beneficial for students to master scientific and cultural knowledge systematically. Some scholars believe that vocational education should not join compulsory education. The implementation of the 63 system is more conducive to international integration and conform to the international trend.

2. Specific practice

Primary school time is abundant and the curriculum is comprehensive. In primary schools, the education of music, physical education and beauty has always been valued. In junior high school education, more attention is paid to the leading role of teachers.

. Enable students to master culture quickly and systematically.

Compared with the May 4th Movement, the June 3rd Movement paid more attention to the foundation of knowledge. But objectively speaking, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. China has a vast territory, so it does not apply consistent standards and sticks to specific forms. All localities should choose their own educational system model according to their actual situation.

(3) Nine-year consistent system

In addition to the popular May 4th and June 3rd systems, there is also an existing educational system. It is to connect the five years of primary school with the four years of junior high school, which is called the nine-year consistent system. Its advantages are:

First, primary school graduates can cancel the competition for entering a higher school and go directly to junior high school, which can save half a year for training and general review for the entrance examination, which is conducive to reducing the academic burden of primary school students, and parents don't have to rush about and worry about finding a good school for their students. Relieve the psychological pressure of teachers, students and parents; It is conducive to the primary school to carry out activities such as the second classroom, which is conducive to the physical and mental development of primary school students, and to promote the all-round and harmonious development of primary school students.

Second, it liberates the time and space for students to develop freely, which is more conducive to the healthy development of students' body and mind. Moreover, the school's assessment of students focuses on peacetime and development, and the examination subjects are greatly reduced, which is more conducive to the all-round cultivation of students' quality.

Thirdly, looking at the nine years as a whole, making overall arrangements and paying attention to the connection of the transition stage from junior high school to junior high school is conducive to the integration, integration and optimization of school work.

However, students from grade one to grade three

In the same school, you have to go through a long period of childhood, adolescence and adolescence. Different ages have different psychological and physiological characteristics and different educational requirements, which increases the difficulty of school management and the requirements for schools. At present, this model is only tried out in some areas and schools with superior conditions.

(D) Flexible academic system

At present, the flexible academic system is only an idea, that is, under the premise of unifying the syllabus and teaching content, local schools can determine their own academic year according to their own specific conditions and conditions, and those with excellent conditions can be appropriately shortened and those with poor conditions can be appropriately extended, so that the national primary and secondary school academic system has certain flexibility.

The flexible academic system has its objective basis. China has a vast territory, and there are obvious differences among different places. The development of schools in urban and rural areas, schools in different places, teachers, children's education, family environment, students' talents and so on is uneven. All the education systems implemented so far in China are basically unified throughout the country, and the unified academic system is not suitable for China's unbalanced and complicated national conditions. In a big country with extremely unbalanced development, it is impossible for us to achieve good results by implementing any unified educational system. If this unified fixed number of years adapts to the city, it will not adapt to the countryside; If you get used to one

Ordinary schools and key schools will "not have enough to eat"; Adapting to the coast may cause difficulties in the mainland. Moreover, there are many differences in students' talent, family education, acceptance and cognitive speed. These differences determine that students' cognition is asynchronous and can't implement "one size fits all" education.

The implementation of the current unified academic system, on the one hand, can not let students with good conditions make full use of their own advantages, "stand still" and wait for those with poor conditions; On the other hand, students with poor conditions can't do what they can, but they are forced to catch up with the good ones, which leads to their unstable learning foundation, declining academic performance and weariness of learning. Reforming this "one-size-fits-all" school system and replacing it with a school system that can adapt to the unbalanced situation will reduce some subjective things in the school system and truly conform to China's complex national conditions. This is a problem that needs to be seriously considered in the reform of the education system.

At the same time, we should realize that the disadvantages of China's basic education system lie not in the unification of educational content, but in the unification of educational years, which leads to the inconsistency in the completion of educational tasks. The reform of educational system should not only change the "one size fits all" of educational years, but also ensure the unity of educational content. Only in this way can individual differences be taken into account and the quality of education be guaranteed.

The implementation of flexible academic system is to make school education the best.

According to the school. The essence of flexible educational system is a truly multi-level, multi-form and multi-channel flexible educational system. However, an obvious feature of flexible educational system compared with ordinary educational system is its weak stability, which makes it encounter many difficulties in the actual implementation process. How to give full play to the advantages of flexible academic system and make up for its shortcomings needs further discussion.

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