The so-called background is to explain clearly to the readers: the time, place, characters and causes of the "story". The background introduction does not have to be comprehensive, but it is important to explain whether there are any special reasons and conditions for the occurrence of the "story". Background is a very important part of the case, which describes the general scene of the incident and provides readers with useful background information, such as school situation, personal work background, reasons for the incident and so on.

2. Theme

Every case should have a distinct theme, that is, whether a problem to be explained in this case reflects the understanding, understanding and practice of a new concept, or how the role of teachers changes, how the teaching and learning methods change, or how to grasp and deal with the key points and difficulties of new textbooks, and so on.

3. Details

With the theme, it is necessary to screen the original material, choose the specific content that best reflects the theme, and write the key details clearly. Pay special attention to the psychology of the characters. Because the behavior of the characters is the superficial phenomenon of the story, the psychology of the characters is the internal basis of the story development. Faced with the same situation, different teachers may have different ways to deal with it. Why are there different methods? What is the internal logic of these teaching behaviors? What do the coaches think? Revealing these can let readers know both why and why. In this link, it is necessary to explain what the problem is, what the problem is, and the problem can be intertwined with factual materials. This is the main body of the whole case. It is necessary to describe in detail the process and steps of problem solving and the repeated setbacks in problem solving, and it can also involve the description of the initial solution effect of the problem.

4. Results

Cases should not only explain the teaching ideas and describe the teaching process, but also explain the teaching results-the immediate effect of a teaching measure, including students' reactions and teachers' feelings, which problems have been solved, which problems have not been solved, what regrets, plans and assumptions, etc. Taking "problems" as the main line, there are contradictions, conflicts and even "suspense", which can arouse readers' interest and deep thinking.

Step 5 comment

Comment is a discussion on the basis of narration, which shows the views and analysis of the theme and content reflected in the case, thus further revealing the significance and value of the incident. Evaluation can be self-evaluation, practical, emotional, or invited experts to comment and deepen. Through the description of the background, problems and solutions, this paper reflects on its own educational and teaching behavior and summarizes its advantages and disadvantages and enlightenment.

Characteristics and writing requirements of teaching cases of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1. Teachers should write teaching experiences or stories that they think are of great significance, that is, they should be selective and typical, do not list all the details, and choose around the central issues. Not all events can be cases, but we should be good at capturing the "bright spots" in the teaching process.

2. The case should be written according to past experience, and the authenticity of the information in the case should be kept as much as possible, so that readers can feel immersive. You can go to the subject of the case, that is, the students, ask questions and investigate their true feelings.

3. Teaching cases are different from other teaching works.

Compared with teaching papers, teaching cases aim at recording in style and expression, and are mainly narrative, with discussion and explanation; In the way of thinking, it is a process from concrete to abstract. Through the vivid description of teaching "stories" and the description of specific students and teachers' psychological feelings, the advantages and disadvantages of teaching are reflected and summarized.

Compared with teaching plans and teaching design, teaching cases are teachers' reactions to the teaching process after class, and the results are written. Teaching plan and teaching design are the "blueprints" for teachers to implement the teaching process before class.

Compared with teaching records, teaching records are a complete description of the teaching process, while teaching cases are selective descriptions, records and comments on teaching situations.

4. The teaching cases written should be valuable.

Through the description and reflection of the teaching situation, we can not only improve the professional level of our teaching work, but also provide an effective way for other teachers to share teaching experience and strengthen communication.

Definition: A case is a description of an actual situation, which includes one or more difficult problems, and can also include solutions to these problems; The teaching practice of teaching case description shows people some stories including typical behaviors, thoughts and emotions of teachers and students in rich narrative forms; An educational case is a story of an educational situation. People often express their opinions while telling a story, that is, comments. So a good case is a vivid story with wonderful comments.

Function: Case events emerge one after another in teachers' teaching career. From entering the school in the morning to leaving the school at night, there will be some unforgettable examples. These events or cases may be expressed in the form of cases. The process of teachers turning events into cases is the process of re-understanding this case and sorting out their own thinking. Its functions are as follows: ① Case study (writing) provides an opportunity for teachers to record their own educational and teaching experience; (2) Case study (writing) may make teachers more deeply aware of the key points and difficulties in their work; (3) Case study (writing) can make teachers reflect on their own behavior and improve the professional level of teaching; ④ Case study (writing) provides an effective way for teachers to share experiences and strengthen communication.

Features: ① Authenticity-the case must be a real event; (2) Difficulty-The events included in the case include problems or difficult situations; (3) typicality-the case must be a story with special and typical case problems; ④ Focus-the case must present the problem from multiple angles and provide sufficient information; ⑤ Inspirational-cases must be studied, which can arouse discussion and provide analysis and reflection.

Distinction: the difference between teaching case, teaching design, teaching record and teaching narrative: ① Teaching case and teaching plan: Teaching plan (teaching design) is a pre-conceived educational and teaching idea, a brief explanation of educational measures to be implemented and a reflection of teaching expectations; Teaching case is a description of the education and teaching process that has happened and reflects the teaching results. (2) Teaching cases and teaching records: they are also descriptions of education and teaching, but teaching records are based on facts (judgment of facts), and teaching cases choose content according to their purposes and functions, which must be reflected by the author (value judgment). ③ The connection and difference between teaching cases and narrative research: in the sense of "situational stories", educational narrative research reports are also "educational cases", but "teaching cases" refer to teaching narratives that are typical, contain difficult problems, narrate from multiple angles and reflect (or the author's comments); Teaching cases must start from the goal of teaching task analysis, consciously select relevant materials, and do field work well in advance. Therefore, the daily educational narrative diary can be accumulated and can be used as the material for writing teaching cases. Educational narrative involves a wide range of contents, including research statistics. The research on teachers' reflective narrative includes reading experience, social problems, students' education, macro-education, real life, educational ideas and teaching models. And the stories described in the teaching cases should be mainly located in teaching research, including teaching ideas, teaching models, teaching strategies, teaching skills and so on. Their case problems focus on teaching, teaching methods, cognitive level and teaching skills.