On School Aesthetic Education: Cultivation of College Students' Aesthetic Education
The present situation of aesthetic education in colleges and universities is not optimistic, even worrying. With the emergence of hedonism, money worship and individualism, aesthetic education can shape students' beautiful hearts and noble personalities, and form a correct outlook on life, values and world outlook. Aesthetic education can comprehensively improve students' quality and accomplishment. Cultivate students' moral sentiment, form a complete personality and a civilized and healthy life interest, thus promoting the civilized, harmonious and coordinated development of society.
Keywords institutions of higher learning; Aesthetic education; Quality; Harmonious
China Library Classification Number: G64 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1006-0278 (2013) 07-212-02.
At present, the present situation of aesthetic education is not optimistic, even worrying. Aesthetic education is not only the work of school education, but also an important and long-term work of quality education for all. Yes, "What is beauty?" Very vague. Many people think that aesthetics is the art of placing hopes on literature. In modern universities, there are tendencies of online dating, psychological barriers, indifferent suicide, hedonism, money worship, individualism and other ideas, and there are "excessive sharing of distractions", "easy to be nervous", "sensitive interpersonal relationships", "easy to be destroyed", "sense of pressure", "inferiority complex", "competitive", "disappointed" and "to varying degrees.
High-quality talents are characterized by solid knowledge, quick thinking, strong innovation ability, strong scientific research, organization and coordination ability, strong adaptability and competitiveness; Have a scientific world outlook and methodology; Understand the situation and policies; Have a firm socialist belief and good moral quality, be kind, honest and upright, have a healthy mood and good psychological adaptability; Can care about human destiny, social progress, the rise and fall of the country and the sufferings of the people; Have a strong sense of social responsibility and sacrifice; Pay attention to personality perfection, and have high-grade aesthetic taste and appreciation ability. Strengthening humanistic quality education should become the common theme of colleges and universities, and its main contents and requirements include: carrying forward traditional culture; Make up for the personality defects caused by the richness of material life and the emptiness of spiritual life of the educated, and realize the educational purpose of complete personality.
First, the connotation of aesthetic education
Artistic beauty is the concentrated expression of beauty, which comes from life and is higher than life. It is a dynamic reflection of life, which is more concentrated and typical than life. Only by improving artistic accomplishment can we grasp the beauty of daily life, natural beauty and other beautiful phenomena more accurately, comprehensively and profoundly. Art can be divided into three categories: reproduction art, performance art and language art. Reproduction art includes sculpture, painting, photography, drama, film and so on. The performing arts include craft, architecture, calligraphy, music and dance. Language art includes literature and so on.
/kloc-Ruskin, a British educator in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, believes that the purpose of art is to express the creative spirit of the universe, and all great arts are religions at the same time. Clearly: "the goal of education is not ability, but cultivation;" The purpose of sending a young man to our university is not (at least so far) to receive specialized training in a certain profession; It is not common to go to further study even for a certain profession; But it will always be shaped as a gentleman and scholar. "
On July 25, 2002, the Ministry of Education issued the Regulations on Art Education in Schools, which clearly pointed out that "art education is an important way and content for schools to implement aesthetic education and an organic part of quality education", and stipulated that "ordinary colleges and universities should offer compulsory or elective courses in art" and "vocational schools and ordinary colleges and universities should formulate teaching plans (curriculum plans) for compulsory or elective courses in art according to actual conditions", and required them to be used as examinations or courses.
In 2004, when Comrade Hu Jintao visited Teacher Hu Mingliang on Teacher's Day, he said, "We must run aesthetic education through the whole process of education. The role of aesthetic education is irreplaceable by other education. Aesthetic education can enrich people's knowledge, develop people's wisdom and cultivate people's sentiment. Aesthetic education can shape people's beautiful mind and noble personality, and form a correct outlook on life, values and world outlook. Aesthetic education can comprehensively improve people's quality and accomplishment. Aesthetic education is indispensable not only for educating and cultivating people, but also for the whole society, all mankind, nature and art, so we must seriously implement aesthetic education in the whole process of education, okay? " .
Aesthetic education is essentially a kind of life education and emotional education. It is based on the most direct and real life activities &; The stimulation, cultivation and guidance of mdash& ampmdash aesthetic activities go straight to the origin of life, fundamentally affect and guide the existence of life, and make those factors in life that are out of rational control meet the requirements of rationality and move in a healthy, beautiful and noble direction. At the same time, it is also the development and excavation of the potential ability of life; It is the perception, appreciation and creation of life, which requires not only rational knowledge, but also emotional wisdom to stimulate and cultivate the potential of life. In a word, aesthetic education is an education that shapes human life itself through perceptual forms and makes it more perfect and reasonable.
Second, the role of aesthetic education
(A) aesthetic education is conducive to the mental health of college students.
The mental health of college students is manifested in facing all kinds of things in life and study with a normal heart. When encountering setbacks or emotional twists and turns, I can adjust myself and control myself well. Aesthetic education has this regulating function. When college students are extremely tired and agitated, they can listen to music and appreciate famous paintings to calm themselves down and produce a pleasant feeling. Aesthetic education has a powerful emotional purification function. Aesthetic education is the intermediary between emotion and reason. It is induced by what people think is beautiful, and it exerts a subtle influence on people's consciousness. With the passage and accumulation of time, it will gradually change from intuition to rational factors, and gradually develop into a lofty spiritual realm, which will greatly sublimate the personality of college students.
(B) Aesthetic education is conducive to the cultivation of innovative ability of college students.
Modern science has proved that the two hemispheres of the human brain are highly specialized: the left hemisphere is related to abstract thinking and logical analysis, and has the ability of language, reason and calculation; The right hemisphere is related to perceptual space and has the ability of music and painting. The activity of cerebral cortex includes two processes: excitement and inhibition. If the left hemisphere of the brain is excited for a long time, it will naturally be tired and inhibited, and the ability of abstract thinking will be weakened. If we consciously switch the excitation center to make the right brain excited and the left brain rest, the abstract thinking ability of the brain can be improved again. If the two hemispheres of the human brain are unbalanced for a long time, it will hinder people's intellectual development and affect their creativity. Art education activities have its advantages in developing college students' thinking in images, cultivating imagination, criticism, creativity, perception and aesthetics. Under the influence of art education, students' artistic aesthetic ability has been developed and their aesthetic quality has been improved, but at the same time, they have been subtly influenced, including emotion, interest, temperament and demeanor. Through art education activities, we can stimulate and strengthen the creative impulse of college students, cultivate and develop their aesthetic intuition and imagination, cultivate their innovative spirit, improve their personality cultivation, life realm, perfection of human nature and change of the whole social atmosphere; Through art education activities, cultivate and improve college students' ability to feel and appreciate beauty, and improve their observation, understanding, imagination and creativity. Its subtle power plays an important role in the healthy growth and all-round development of college students.
Thirdly, the cultivation of aesthetic education in colleges and universities.
Aesthetic education in colleges and universities is an education to cultivate students' ability to feel beauty, know beauty and create beauty. It is a kind of emotional cultivation and emotional education, and it is also an organic part of the quality education system. Deeply understand the connotation of aesthetics and aesthetic education, fully integrate aesthetic education into the whole process of higher education, build an integrated aesthetic education, form a unified and integrated higher education, and promote the all-round and harmonious development of students. Along the direction of quality education, colleges and universities take all students as the educational objects and digital information media as the means to construct a contemporary aesthetic education discipline system with China characteristics and new connotations.
(A) pay attention to the cultivation of comprehensive aesthetic ability
The cultivation of aesthetic ability is based on college students' life experience and integrated curriculum learning. Poetry, words, music and dance are interspersed in aesthetic education. Aesthetic education enriches students' emotions, improves their aesthetic ability and spiritual realm, and trains their way of thinking, depth and sensitivity.
(B) the cultivation of imagination and creativity
Imagination is the ability to create new images on the basis of past perceptual materials. Einstein said, "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes progress and is the source of knowledge evolution." Strengthen the cultivation of college students' imagination and creativity, arouse students' beautiful fantasies, turn students' rich source of imagination into creative energy and enthusiasm, and cultivate a generation of high-quality creative talents.
(C) Pay attention to the aesthetic function of the network
With the rapid development of Internet technology, surfing the Internet has become an effective means for college students to broaden their horizons, increase their knowledge, train their thinking, cultivate their sentiment and improve their information processing ability, and it is also the main way to improve their comprehensive quality. Aesthetic education unifies rationality and sensibility, and unifies on the true truth. This effect can just eliminate the negative influence brought by the disorder and virtuality of network culture, and also enhance the aesthetic taste of college students and promote the elegance of social aesthetic consciousness.
(D) the preparation of aesthetic education teaching materials
Based on theoretical research and teaching practice at home and abroad, we should establish a comprehensive subjective consciousness. It is necessary to systematically expound the essence, law, function, significance and implementation way of aesthetic education, and attach importance to the important function and value of art education, especially to incorporate the practical education of classified art into teaching materials. To establish a clear educational goal, we must proceed from the actual needs of students. We should not only pay attention to the systematic teaching of theoretical knowledge, but also emphasize the vividness and practicality of aesthetic education activities, fully embodying the development and diversity of contemporary aesthetic culture.
(5) Establish a professional team of aesthetic education teachers.
There are essential differences between aesthetic education theory research and aesthetic education teaching. Aesthetic education theory researchers are not necessarily qualified for aesthetic education teaching, and teachers majoring in aesthetics or art are not necessarily qualified aesthetic education teachers. The comprehensiveness and practicality of aesthetic education determine that aesthetic education teachers must have high comprehensive quality. Aesthetic education teachers should not only have the theoretical basis of aesthetics, pedagogy, psychology and other disciplines, but also have the ability to understand and study the basic problems of aesthetic education; At the same time, we should also have the basic literacy of literature, music, painting, dance, landscape architecture and other classified arts.
To sum up, the process of aesthetic education is actually the process of individual aesthetic socialization. Aesthetic education in colleges and universities enables college students to satisfy individual feelings, develop their personalities harmoniously, pursue a better life, a better personality and a better social system sincerely and enthusiastically, and consciously cultivate good moral character and personality. The ideal of aesthetic education in colleges and universities is to achieve social harmony by promoting the inner harmony of college students. Aesthetic education in colleges and universities is not a dispensable ornament in contemporary cultural education. It also shoulders the multiple tasks of cultivating new talents, remolding humanistic spirit and promoting social progress. Therefore, aesthetic education in colleges and universities should pay attention to cultivating college students' comprehensive aesthetic ability, imagination and creativity, carry out aesthetic education in the network, compile aesthetic education textbooks, establish professional aesthetic education teachers, and stimulate students' groups and individuals to discover, appreciate and create beauty, so as to maximize the cultural literacy of college students, cultivate their moral sentiments, form a complete personality, civilized and healthy life interest, and promote the civilized, harmonious and coordinated development of society.
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