However, the creation of ecological civilization is not a spontaneous process of industrial civilization, but a difficult process that needs human beings to consciously reverse. Although industrial civilization has only a short history of several hundred years, it has formed many anti-natural vices that human beings can hardly eliminate. Guided by anthropocentric values, industrial civilization understands and conquers nature with a mechanical world outlook, realizes its own development at the expense of non-human life interests and living environment, and takes the maximization of energy and material consumption as the basic measure of social progress, which will inevitably lead to the crazy destruction of nature by human beings, fierce economic competition, resource competition and arms competition among all nationalities in the world, and endless competition for material wealth by all classes in every society and the comparison of luxury material life by individuals. In this madness of destroying the biosphere homeland for no reason, in the cruelty of economic competition and arms race in all countries of the world, and in the material enjoyment of all living things, primitive people of all races of mankind created culture in the colorful wilderness of Vientiane, and their spirituality of survival was completely lost; The ancestors of agricultural civilization who planted plants and domesticated animals feared nature, cared for life and lived in harmony with nature, and their wisdom was completely swept away. Perhaps it can be said that the most valuable thing left by industrial civilization to ecological civilization is the terrible picture of the decline of the earth's biosphere, which causes people to deeply reflect and explore the way out for survival. This kind of reflection and discussion is helpful to inspire people to explore the minimum ecological and cultural premise of establishing ecological civilization. ?
Compared with the concept of ecological civilization, ecological culture is a more complex and extensive concept. If ecological civilization is a brand-new type of civilization determined by ecological production mode, which emphasizes the common characteristics and minimum standards of the interaction between man and nature in all ecological societies, then ecological culture is the diversified lifestyle of different nationalities in a special ecological environment, which emphasizes the individual characteristics of national culture formed by a specific ecological environment. Because ecology is the living environment of human and non-human life, and culture is the way of life of different human beings, once there are human beings on the earth, there must be ecological culture. Even though human beings are still in the era of gathering, fishing and hunting before civilization, they already have the ecological culture of different races. In the era of agricultural civilization, races and nations with different ecological environments certainly have more colorful ecological cultures, among which the ecological cultural tradition of the Chinese nation is the highest model in the era of agricultural civilization. Ecological culture is the sum total formed by different human races, nationalities and ethnic groups in order to adapt to and use the diverse ecological environment on the earth since the birth of mankind. Everything accumulated by human beings in adapting to and maintaining the survival and development of different ecological environments belongs to the category of ecological culture. ?
Therefore, to create ecological civilization on the ecological ruins of industrial civilization, it is very necessary to absorb the ecological culture accumulated by various races, nationalities and countries in the world for a long time since the birth of mankind, so as to eliminate all kinds of anti-natural bad habits brought about by industrial civilization and form a good cultural atmosphere conducive to the emergence of ecological civilization. ?
As a civilization type of the future society, ecological civilization may only rise in a few countries and ethnic groups, but its realization requires the vast majority of countries and ethnic groups in the world to build an ecological society. The construction of ecological civilization in any society is not only a matter of a few social elites, but also related to every member of society, whether it is leading cadres, scientific and technological experts, cultural and sports stars or the general public. Their life style and attitude have a profound impact on the fate of the seriously degraded regional ecological environment and the global ecological environment. People must have basic ecological and cultural qualities in order to actively promote the development of ecological civilization construction. Therefore, the author thinks it is necessary to put forward the concept of "ecological culture education" here to express the ecological culture quality of the whole people necessary for the construction of ecological civilization. The so-called ecological culture education means that all members of society have profound ecological culture literacy and build ecological civilization through various educational methods and good environment. Without basic ecological culture education, no matter how well we do in social system design, policies and regulations, we still can't effectively promote the practice of ecological civilization construction. ?
In real life, many economic decision-makers, economists and leaders of production enterprises, due to the lack of ecological environment quality, often decide the establishment, decision-making and implementation of economic projects with the thinking mode and value standard of industrial civilization, rather than seeking development projects that are beneficial to the environment under the constraint of ecological protection concept. Leaders in some important areas with poor ecology and ecologically fragile areas are often deeply distressed that they cannot introduce sunset industrial projects with serious pollution, and even envy colleagues who can improve the economic growth rate and make the ecological environment unsightly. Many production industries spend precious resources on over-packaging in order to sell goods, without considering the harm to the environment; Even under the strict restriction of environmental laws and regulations, some production enterprises have to install environmental protection equipment for production, but secretly discharge waste water and waste gas in the dead of night, regardless of the pollution to the surrounding environment and the poison to people and creatures. For many high-income rich people, the habit of gluttony for rare birds and animals to satisfy their delicious taste has a long history, which also encourages the underground game museum to slaughter rare birds and animals for a long time. Even for the general public, it is difficult for people to resolutely give up using disposable goods for the convenience of life. Even stopping using plastic bags and taking baskets or bags to the vegetable market by yourself have become more difficult than quitting smoking and drinking. Judging from the above behaviors and habits of people in real life, many people in our society really lack basic ecological and cultural literacy. If we can't change these conditions and make every member of society form a profound ecological and cultural education, it will be difficult to turn the construction of ecological civilization into a conscious behavior in which every member of society actively participates and creates. As early as 1992, American scholar David Orr put forward the concept of "ecological literacy". He believes that the increasingly serious ecological crisis caused by human behavior towards nature lies in people's lack of understanding of the comprehensive relationship between human beings and natural ecosystems, including the knowledge of natural sciences, especially humanities. Therefore, it advocates new ecological education, cultivates necessary ecological education for every member of society, and guides mankind to smoothly transition to a post-modern society where man and nature coexist harmoniously. [1] capra, another famous American scholar, reiterated Orr's idea of ecological education in the conclusion of his book Web of Life, emphasizing that every member of society has a basic ecological education, which is of great significance for human beings to rebuild the Web of Life and thus ensure the long-term survival of future generations. [2]297-304 However, capra particularly emphasized the new understanding of the network nature of life under the background of contemporary complex scientific knowledge, which easily led to the view that ecological education is ecological knowledge education. Therefore, the author thinks it is necessary to expand the concept of "ecological education" to the concept of "ecological culture education", especially for the basic quality requirements of social members as ecological civilization construction, the term "ecological culture education" is more appropriate.
The author thinks that the basic content of ecological culture education mainly includes two aspects: first, the ecological knowledge, attitude and intuitive feeling about the relationship between man and nature, that is, the three dimensions of truth, goodness and beauty, including ecological knowledge education, ecological ethics education and ecological aesthetic education; The second is about the cultivation of human life practice, which can be called ecological behavior cultivation, that is, how to actually cultivate good behavior habits to treat the ecological environment in the realistic ecological environment. ?
First of all, about the cultivation of ecological knowledge, the author thinks that capra's new understanding of life network relationship based on the integration of contemporary biological and ecological knowledge with the help of system science, self-organization theory and dissipative structure theory is worth studying seriously. Capra believes that understanding the essence of life means understanding the network, and the way of life is a system composed of network relations. All life forms, whether animals, plants or microorganisms, as well as individuals, species or communities, are composed of networks. The earth ecosystem is the result of the long-term coexistence and evolution of all life forms. The healthy survival of human society must also depend on the sustainability of the global ecosystem, the largest life network. However, human beings only care about their own survival and development interests, ignoring the interests of non-human life, plundering natural resources and destroying the environment in an unnatural way, resulting in serious damage or even disintegration of the global life network, and the survival opportunities of human descendants are decreasing day by day. Therefore, through the study of ecological knowledge, human beings can understand the basic principles of ecosystem, master the basic laws of self-organization and self-regulation of ecosystem, such as interdependence, feedback cycle, partnership, adaptability, diversity and stability, and the sustainability as all these results [2]304, so that they can listen to the teachings of nature with an open mind, learn the wisdom of nature seriously, have scientific knowledge of treating nature reasonably, and develop good living habits that are friendly to nature. Ecological knowledge education is of great significance for human beings to rebuild the universal connection of the web of life and ensure the long-term survival of future generations. The main principles and basic knowledge of contemporary ecological science are particularly important, because it can help us form a contemporary holistic way of thinking, establish an ecological worldview in which man and nature are interdependent and organic whole, help us overcome the mechanistic worldview of industrial civilization, and thus thoroughly grasp the relationship between man and nature. ?
Secondly, on the basis of ecological world outlook, with ecological values as the core, cultivate ecological ethics education between man and nature. In industrialized society, man and nature are two fields of division and confrontation. Humans only admit that they have intrinsic value and regard all non-human natural objects as objects that human subjects can conquer and dominate at will. On the contrary, ecological values hold that all life, whether human or non-human, is the subject of life with intrinsic value. Humans and life species form an interdependent life community, and their survival interests and fate depend on the normal, safe, healthy and lasting operation of the biosphere. Life community is a big family of the earth's inhabitants, and the earth's biosphere is of environmental value not only to human beings, but also to all living species. More importantly, the ecological environment of the earth's biosphere is mainly constructed by unconscious life activities of non-human life. In order to maintain the ecological environment where all life exists for a long time, it is necessary to distribute the living environment fairly between maintaining the moderate human population size and the minimum biodiversity on the earth, so as to avoid the ecological security problems that threaten the biosphere due to the over-exploitation and utilization of natural resources. Therefore, human beings must realize the evolution from traditional interpersonal ethics to ecological ethics, establish a new ecological ethics concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and make every member of society receive a minimum ecological ethics education. In this way, people can truly be kind to their own ecological environment, but also to the ecological environment of future generations, and at the same time be kind to all ecological environments where non-human life exists morally, thus contributing to the restoration of ecological environment and promoting the restoration of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Thirdly, appreciating and maintaining ecological beauty is an ecological aesthetic education that contemporary people need to cultivate very much, and it is an advanced life value that deserves special praise and admiration. The destruction of industrial civilization can develop to the extent of polluting every river, eroding every inch of land and poisoning every living thing. The main reason is that modern people are willing to sacrifice the life needs of noble environment and beauty in pursuit of luxurious and superficial material life. This lifestyle has also led to the extreme lack of ecological aesthetic needs and appreciation ability of future generations. As a result, people's minds are more and more wasted, their ecological conscience is more and more numb, and their love for nature and concern for life are completely replaced by the absurd material enjoyment of comparison. If people can regain their inner ability to feel ecological beauty and give full play to the nerve function of ecological aesthetic experience, they will indulge in the fragrance of flowers in the four seasons when they go out for an outing, linger in lakes and mountains when they enter the wilderness, know how to watch antelopes and elk play and race, listen to countless songbirds improvise in jungle paradise, and appreciate swans with feathers like snow, and stay together for life. If you know how to appreciate ecological beauty, you will not continue to turn green mountains and green waters into muddy desert water, destroy nature with biodiversity for economic indicators, turn rare birds and animals into gorgeous clothes or delicious food on the table, and sacrifice beautiful, pleasant, free and refined survival and enjoyment for indulgence of material desires. Obviously, appreciating and maintaining ecological beauty is not only a necessary cultural accomplishment for contemporary people to live a better life, but also a very important measure for people to live a healthy and civilized life. With such a scale of ecological beauty, we can know whether our life is getting better or worse according to whether the surrounding ecological environment and the ecological environment of the whole biosphere are becoming beautiful or ugly, so that we can know the direction of improving the ecological environment. ?
Finally, as far as the ecological and cultural education of human life practice is concerned, every member of society should implement the cultural literacy about ecological knowledge, ecological morality and ecological beauty into the concrete life behavior of building ecological civilization, which requires people to live a material life that is compatible with the restoration of ecological environment. According to the "Earth Vitality Report" published by the World Resources Foundation in 2006, from 196 1 to 2003, human activities reduced the life earth index by about 30%. Among them, terrestrial biological index decreased by about 365,438+0%, marine biological index decreased by about 27%, and freshwater biological index decreased by about 28%. The report also pointed out that since 196 1 year, the "ecological footprint" of human impact on the biosphere has tripled, exceeding the 1/4 of the regenerative capacity of the earth's ecosystem. If this trend continues to deteriorate, by 2050, two identical earths will be needed to feed all mankind. [3] Obviously, the ecological crisis of the biosphere is still seriously threatened by the increasing human material development activities. Everyone's actual food, clothing, housing and transportation in society affects the development and utilization of natural resources, and different ways of material consumption will bring different results to the ecological environment. Therefore, people must change the luxurious material life style that imitates the western affluent society, lower the standard of material life, advocate green consumption with less material consumption and low energy consumption, and everyone needs to start living a frugal material life that is consistent with the restoration of the ecological environment voluntarily, so as to facilitate the improvement of the ecological environment. ?
At the same time, the construction of ecological civilization is not only the ideal pursued by a few social elites, but also the common cause of the whole people. The active participation of social members will be related to whether its goal can be finally realized. Therefore, in addition to solving the reasonable procedures, effective channels and various ways of public participation in ecological civilization construction, people's participation ability will be one of the most important factors in ecological civilization construction. The public must have a certain knowledge of ecological science and understand the national and regional environmental protection standards, in order to have a reasonable will to protect the environmental quality of their own lives and put forward fair demands for restoration and compensation for various environmental damages such as production and life that affect the healthy survival of others and groups; The public must also understand the ecological construction and environmental protection objectives of social development and the planning of local ecological civilization construction, so as to effectively criticize the construction and maintenance of living green space, park reconstruction, environmental management, nature reserves, and even major projects that affect the local ecological environment, thus effectively preventing the launch of large-scale economic projects with long-term negative effects and promoting the vigorous development of popular projects with reasonable economic, social and ecological benefits; The deep participation of the public from all walks of life in the construction of ecological civilization will also promote various non-governmental ecological organizations to put forward more far-reaching and influential opinions and suggestions on the government's ecological management policies and regulations, and even how to participate in global ecological environmental protection. This requires further training and encouraging the general public to create ecological civilization independently, rather than just using the public as a tool for propaganda slogans.