First, what should early childhood education integrate?
The integration of preschool education should be a systematic integration. It is often difficult to achieve the desired results only by integrating local elements, and even integration often becomes a formal integration rather than a substantive integration.
1, the fusion of ideas
The fusion of ideas is the connection and infiltration of ideas. Early childhood education should pay attention to the concept of diversification and its relationship. Only with the concept of integration can there be a real integrated education. Avoid mechanically and unilaterally understanding some educational concepts. For example, promoting the all-round development of children should be combined with promoting the development of each child at the original level; It is necessary to combine the diversification of educational forms and means with the rationality and effectiveness of educational means and methods.
The integration of educational ideas is a pilot integration. Only by fully integrating various related concepts and forming a concept system related to educational integration can we effectively integrate.
2. Target integration
Educational goal is the final result of education. Educational goals can be expressed in different ways. For example, in the "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial)", the educational objectives are divided into five aspects: health, society, science, language and art. In addition to this classification, there are physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic or sports and skills, cognition and emotion. No matter what kind of classification and division, it is a relative division of overall development, just to let us not be general and disorderly when considering educational goals. Any kind of division has the problem of separating the overall development. This separation is necessary for older learners, and separation can divide and deepen the learning content. However, for young learners, separation is a last resort and should be made up in practical educational activities. Therefore, the original form of educational goals is inseparable. In order to deepen and concretize education, it is necessary to divide the educational goals appropriately, but this division should not only be the refinement and decomposition of the goals in a single field, but should be a multi-field, organic, holistic and hierarchical promotion. The educational goal should be a process of integration-decomposition-integration from the overall goal to the realistic activity goal.
Goal integration is the basis of educational integration. The integration of goals directly affects the integration of educational content, and then affects the integration of educational content, methods and forms.
3. Content integration
The integration of educational content is the main manifestation and the most basic integration of preschool education. The integration of early childhood education is always reflected in the integration of content. The integration of course content is based on the integration of objectives. The main performance of educational content integration is to organically link different aspects of the same field and different fields, and even break through the field as a form of content organization. The integration of content will eventually be implemented in specific educational activities. The integration of content affects the integration degree of activities.
4. Resource integration
The integration of educational resources is closely related to educational content, which contains various educational contents. The integration of educational resources is conducive to the integration of educational content, expanding the space of early childhood education and enriching the methods, forms and means of early childhood education. Kindergarten, family and community education resources are rich, so we should make full use of them and integrate them organically to have a positive and effective impact on children's growth in a truly coordinated way.
5. Integration of methods, forms and means.
The integration of methods, forms and means can be carried out in the process of curriculum design or experience activities, but more importantly, in practical education activities. The integration of methods, forms and means needs the experience of educational practice, the insight into children's activity level and the adaptability of educational activities. The integration of methods, forms and means of educational activities is the key to ensure the due effect of educational integration. The integration of methods, forms and means aims at improving the effectiveness of education and avoiding the singleness and rigidity of methods, forms and means.
6. Development integration
Early childhood development integration is the core integration in early childhood education integration and the starting point and destination of other integrations. Only by realizing the integration of development can we promote the all-round development of children. Every integration in early childhood education should attach importance to the integration of early childhood development. The realization of development and integration is to turn the overall goal from possibility into reality.
Second, how to integrate?
(1) One-day education for the whole life
Children's Day in the garden includes all kinds of activities. These activities can be roughly divided into specialized learning.
Activities, game activities, life activities. These activities have special value in the development of children, play a specific role, and are also an indispensable link in the implementation of kindergarten curriculum. Therefore, the implementation of kindergarten curriculum should pay attention to all kinds of activities in children's daily life, and pay attention to the organic connection between various activities, and give play to the complementary role of these activities, so as to learn in life, learn to connect with life and use life in games, and games reflect life and learning, so that daily life can become a real educational whole.
Specialized learning activities are the basic way of kindergarten curriculum implementation. These special learning activities should combine the development of cognitive, emotional and motor skills, teachers' guidance with children's discovery, exploration and experience, planned learning situations and changing learning situations, indoor learning activities and outdoor learning activities, and previous activities with current activities and activities to be carried out, so that various learning activities can be linked in multiple dimensions. Learning activities should avoid the phenomenon of single goal, single content and single form, and avoid closed, separated and even contradictory activities.
(2) Pay attention to the integration of educational content.
The relationship between course contents is a common concern. The essential purpose of the connection and integration of content is often not the content itself, but to promote the overall harmonious development of children through the integration of content. The integration of content involves two levels: one is the connection of content before and after the course, that is, the vertical connection of content; The second is the connection between different and related contents, that is, the horizontal connection and integration of contents. There are many forms of connection and integration of course content. This paper mainly discusses the integration of educational content within the field, between fields and outside the field, all of which are horizontal integration.
(C) in the process of realistic and diversified activities to achieve integration
Real educational integration should be realized in realistic and diversified activities. To achieve integration in various realistic and specific activities, we should pay attention to the following aspects:
A good activity should be a reasonable combination of the basic elements such as the goal, content, environment, materials and methods of the activity, and the process in which children devote themselves wholeheartedly. A reasonably integrated activity should be an organic combination of various activity elements. One of the important ways to combine all kinds of activity elements organically and realize real activity integration is to develop and innovate activities.
The development and innovation of the activity lies not in the novelty of the name or the fancy of the materials, but in the fact that the activity can really arouse children's interest in participating, meet their needs, trigger their operation, exploration and experience, and establish a certain connection with their existing experience. It can be seen that the foundation of activity development and innovation is the understanding of children's needs and interests, the understanding of children's original experience and the understanding of children's real life. On this basis, starting from children's learning characteristics, we should fully tap and utilize a wide range of educational resources in real life and develop diverse, novel, vivid and interesting educational resources.
On the Methods of Developing Preschool Education
Improving national quality is the starting point and destination of all national education! It is of great practical significance, necessity and urgency to deeply discuss and study its meaning and connotation for the current national conditions of China. The present situation in China is: the ideological field is mixed, anti-society, anarchism, individualism, money first, selfishness, building one's own happiness on the suffering of others and so on are rampant, people's thoughts are extremely chaotic, and China society is in an extremely dangerous situation! A large number of facts have sounded the alarm for us, and it is urgent for us to take immediate action to rebuild the excellent cultural tradition inherited by 5,000 years of civilization!
The Sixth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward two philosophical propositions, "Why do people live and how should people live", which pointed out the direction for us to establish a set of educational policies and methods suitable for China's national conditions. All educators should seriously think, boldly practice, seriously study in their own posts, and seriously consider the educational principles, methods, practices and programs involved in these two propositions, so that China's preschool education can meet the requirements of the party and the people as soon as possible. Little by little, from quantitative change to qualitative change, we will change the quality of all citizens and provide high-quality successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique for the society.
I think we should work hard in the following aspects:
First, establish children's ideological education with "filial piety" as the core, and oppose the infringement of selfish ideas centered on individuals on children.
A large number of facts tell us that there are millions of "Little Emperors" who have been brought up and are being brought up by different educational viewpoints and orientations, and such children have become "heads of families". Children who don't know how to honor their parents like this will inevitably lead to uncontrolled malignant expansion of their personality, lack of efforts in study, incorrect requirements for their personality, and the influence of a large number of bad habits and ethos in society, and many children will go astray. Everyone has experienced many such cases! Li Gang, Yao Jia and other cases provide us with many negative examples! This is the sorrow of our society, but also the sorrow of such a family! On the other hand, many families, especially children who grew up in poor families, have heard and witnessed their parents' lives since childhood. "Children from poor families take charge early", and give thanks to their parents. In the later life, they are deeply grateful, study life seriously and become atmospheric people! It can be seen that the correct "shaping" of children's psychology is very important. Willfulness will lead to rebellion, and filial piety will lay the foundation for professionalism. We don't believe that a child who has been "filial" since childhood will become a rebel and a "criminal" who harms society when he grows up. Even if there is, the probability is very small. Therefore, we attach importance to children's education in school and naturally advocate "filial piety-centered psychological remolding education for children". This is because there are thousands of families, thousands of parents and thousands of ways of thinking, and the children's' first teacher' is their parents. The diversity of children's ideological status must be "re-established" through strict, unified and systematic school education. Only in this way can it be reflected.
Second, establish the code of conduct education with the method of "sincerely believing" and oppose the misleading of children by ignoring social morality, behavior, ideas and evil thinking methods.
In social work, study and communication, a person's behavior must conform to the moral norms and codes of conduct jointly advocated and observed by society. Only in this way can the whole society operate in a harmonious atmosphere, and individuals will get good grades and achievements in this harmonious atmosphere. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to carry out rigorous and honest psychological and moral education for children from an early age. There are a lot of cheating, coercion, seduction and other behaviors in society, which are the result of the lack of education and advocacy of "sincere belief" by the state and the people in the past hundred years. Especially after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state's thoughts in this regard have been turbulent, abandoning the education of Chinese virtues, especially the advocacy of market economy, excessively and inappropriately emphasizing the results of individual struggle, ignoring the moral concepts and norms followed in the struggle process, leading to people's confusion and confusion. The child's idea is simple. In view of the current social situation, carrying out the education of "cautious independence" and "honesty" can enable the majority of children to establish noble and excellent ideological and moral character from an early age under the influence of correct progressive thoughts, which is very beneficial to their future growth and social health and stability! Such children have excellent thinking methods and excellent ideological morality, which will strengthen their adaptability and endurance in future life and lay a solid ideological foundation for living independently in society. At present, in some places, educating "urchins" in various ways is a strange social phenomenon caused by the lack of "sincere belief" education, which can not but arouse our high vigilance and reflection, especially in the past two decades, which is why people are so disappointed with children born after 80 s and 90 s.
Third, establish "caring for the people" and "loving the people" as the principles of human nature education, oppose indifference, ruthlessness, opposition, selfishness and hatred among social members, and establish social virtues.
The beginning of life, the goodness and evil of sex have always been the focus of psychological research. I agree with the view that "human nature is good at the beginning of life", which is a materialistic view. Existence determines consciousness, the influence of an environment on people is very important, and the influence of the day after tomorrow determines the direction of people. It should be advocated and implemented as the core of children's education to cultivate children's moral character of great love and carry forward the spirit of great love of biological species. Man is the most creative species in the biodiversity of the earth, and he is the master of the earth. China's philosophy is "the unity of man and nature", and the interdependence, interdependence and mutual promotion of various species are the conditions for the development of things. The thoughts of children with good spirit will enable them to choose his way of doing things correctly, thus promoting social progress. Adults will make correct methods after taking part in the work, and will be recognized and trusted by their peers. At the same time, a child with great love will handle his interpersonal relationship well and encounter less resistance. In the real society, all kinds of "personal self-interest" thoughts are indifferent, cruel and heartless, which leads to disharmony and intensification of social life order and seriously hurts people's spiritual world. Therefore, we should take the lead in people's ideological education, especially in children's education, and strengthen the cultivation and education of the psychological quality of "pan-loving the people", so that children's innocent hearts can establish a beautiful view of love from an early age and despise indifference, opposition, selfishness and selfishness.
Fourth, cultural knowledge education and moral education need to go hand in hand, and Disciples Rules is an ideal textbook for children's behavior education.
The focus of preschool education should be: to make students develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way, and three aspects should not be neglected. In particular, the goal of moral education should be: to make children master the connotation of "filial piety", the basic requirements of "trust" and the standard of "universal love for the people" to a certain extent during their school days! Recite classic passages like nursery rhymes, so that you can be warned often in your later life! Nowadays, the situation of education conforms to children's playful nature, and over-develops entertaining teaching, misleading children to think that singers and stars are heroes of saving the country, losing their ideals in their young minds, and some delay their lives. We should regard heroes, great contributors and outstanding China backbones in reality and history as ideal stars and role models for children, so that children can have goals to pursue from prudence. Learning cultural knowledge and teaching children basic skills is the way for children to learn and the key to cultural education. Disciples' Rules is a classic that predecessors summed up the educational achievements of China for thousands of years, and after hundreds of generations of national governance and millions of outstanding people's words and deeds. We can't blindly adopt a critical method without absorbing it. You know, every word of it is summed up from the lessons of blood! In just a few thousand words, every word flashes the essence of China traditional culture, revealing to us the essence of "education-oriented, moral education first". Spare no effort to study literature, put morality first, be a man before doing things and a series of humanistic principles. These principles are also the goals pursued by people with lofty ideals throughout the ages, and they are also the goals we strive for. Some places and some people strongly oppose using Disciples Rules as school textbooks. So far, they haven't seen what they swore, and I don't know what kind of people they want to educate their children to become. Thousands of families have encountered situations and experiences that make their parents want to cry, and their families are ruined. In the analysis of a large number of juvenile delinquency cases, everyone exclaimed sadly: the lack of education! Facing the reality, we should act immediately and get rid of the tricks of "personality first" and "human rights". China's education should start with dolls, take the road of China's educational revolution and develop the "true meaning" of China culture. After decades of wandering, it's time for us to wake up from the nightmare.
To sum up, if the state does not eliminate the existence of private ownership, people's thoughts will inevitably have different class colors, and there will be advanced ideas and concepts that represent the direction of the times and represent the nation, while reactionary greedy ideas that benefit a few people are also making waves, thus causing great social unrest, which no one with conscience wants to see. A stable, United and harmonious society is the result of the efforts of all members of society and the correct thinking of people. We sincerely hope that the whole society will really carry out education related to the rise and fall of the nation, so that our country can enter a peaceful and prosperous society as soon as possible.