To "add rows or columns" and "keep the data referenced by the formula unchanged", you can "process" the formula, such as finding the sum of A 1:A 10 and the general formula.

=SUM(A 1:A 10) or SUM($ A 1:A 10).

However, after inserting a line in A 1:A 10, the reference area of the formula will change. If two rows are inserted, the reference area of the formula will automatically become A 1:A 12.

When the formula is changed to

= SUM(INDIRECT(" A 1:A " & amp； 10))

No matter how many rows are inserted in A 1:A 10, the sum area is always A 1:A 10, that is, the sum of 10 cells before column A.