Building an educational power is the basic project for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and people expect better education and more stable work. At present, China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. Deepening the supply-side structural reform and improving the total factor productivity cannot be separated from the support of talents. It is an important task for higher education to actively adapt to the needs of national economic and social development and improve the quality of talent training in colleges and universities by promoting the formation of a linkage mechanism between employment, enrollment plan and talent training in colleges and universities, and promoting multi-channel employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates to achieve higher quality and full employment.
In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, deepen the comprehensive reform of higher education, comprehensively enhance the ability of talent cultivation in colleges and universities, and realize the connotative development of higher education, the following opinions are put forward on promoting the formation of a linkage mechanism of employment, enrollment plan and talent cultivation in colleges and universities.
First, actively adapt to the needs of the country and deepen the reform of the enrollment system.
1. Establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for enrollment plans. Strengthen the macro-control of higher education enrollment plan, improve the management system at the central and local levels, improve the national enrollment plan, and enhance the scientific and normative enrollment plan. Give play to the role of policy guidance and regulation, actively meet the country's major strategic needs, solve major strategic problems, and reserve strategic talents. Improve and perfect the distribution mode of enrollment plan, dynamically adjust the enrollment structure among regions, training units and disciplines, and promote the talent training structure to meet social needs.
2. Further deepen the reform of the examination enrollment system. Reform the enrollment and admission mechanism, and explore a multi-admission mechanism based on the unified college entrance examination and high school academic level examination results and referring to comprehensive quality evaluation. In accordance with the principles of overall planning, pilot first, step-by-step implementation and orderly advancement, we will actively and steadily implement the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, and enhance the correlation between the college entrance examination and high school learning and professional training in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities should take the initiative to adapt to the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, study and put forward the application requirements and comprehensive quality evaluation methods of candidates' high school level examination subjects according to their own school orientation and professional training objectives, and enhance the scientificity and coordination of talent selection.
Second, establish a dynamic adaptation mechanism to improve the quality of specialty construction.
3. Build a first-class major. Adhere to the specialty as the basic unit of talent training and the specialty construction as the foundation of running a school. With the goal of building a world-class specialty that faces the future, adapts to the demand, leads the development, has advanced concepts and strong guarantee, and with the implementation of version 2.0 of the "six excellent and one top" plan as the guide, we will effectively improve the adaptability of specialty construction to social needs, improve the achievement and training effect of talent training objectives, improve the guarantee of teachers and teaching resources, improve the operational effectiveness of quality guarantee, and improve the satisfaction of students and society. Carry out in-depth teaching research, improve teaching methods, innovate teaching technology, and support undergraduates to participate in scientific research activities. Update and improve teaching content, strengthen the construction of teaching resources, collaborative development, open sharing. Build a teaching team with excellent teachers as the leader, love teaching, reasonable structure and high teaching quality. Innovate teaching management, improve the incentive mechanism, and establish a management system and evaluation method that is conducive to teachers' calming down to teach and educate people, and to the combination of students' all-round development and personality development. Internalize quality requirements into the common value pursuit and conscious behavior of all teachers and students, and promote colleges and universities to establish a quality culture of self-discipline, introspection, timely feedback, continuous improvement and adaptation to world-class higher education.
4. Improve the professional dynamic adjustment mechanism. Optimizing the specialty structure and strengthening the management of specialty setting are the basic, overall and strategic work to improve the quality of higher education. Actively adapt to the needs of economic and social development, and establish a professional dynamic adjustment mechanism of national regulation, provincial overall planning and self-discipline in colleges and universities. Encourage colleges and universities to set up majors that are urgently needed to improve people's livelihood in areas such as the development of national strategic emerging industries, social construction and public services, further optimize the professional structure, and continuously improve the fit between personnel training and social needs. Provincial education administrative departments should strengthen the overall management of undergraduate majors in local universities, strengthen the evaluation and inspection of newly established majors, and increase the publicity of professional school conditions. Promote colleges and universities to formulate professional construction and adjustment plans, establish a mechanism to increase or decrease the number of majors to revitalize the stock of majors, and build a professional system that matches the orientation and characteristics of colleges and universities.
5. Improve the forecasting and early warning system for professionals. We will build a forecasting and early warning system for the demand for professional talents in colleges and universities and a monitoring and feedback system for the employment of graduates, establish and improve a professional early warning and adjustment mechanism, improve the annual reporting system for the employment of college graduates and the supply and demand of talents in key industries, dynamically adjust the enrollment scale among colleges and universities, and strictly control the enrollment scale of colleges and universities with insufficient school conditions, persistently low level and poor employment status.
Third, innovate the talent training mode and enhance the ability of employment and entrepreneurship.
6. Promote the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a new breakthrough in the quality education of college students in the new era, a new exploration of talent training mode in colleges and universities, and a new platform for contemporary young students to show themselves, show their elegance and serve the country. Actively promote the close integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and ideological and political education, promote the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and professional education, fully integrate into the whole process of talent training, guide young students to take root in China to understand the national conditions and people's feelings, increase their wisdom and talents in innovation and entrepreneurship, and strive to cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial talents with ideals, pursuits, responsibility and both ability and political integrity. Run the China "internet plus" College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition well, carry out the "Youth Dream Tour" activity, build a dual-innovation demonstration base in colleges and universities, deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education, provide China's plan for the reform and development of higher education in the world, and contribute China's experience.
7. Improve the collaborative education mechanism. Adhere to the combination of Industry-University-Research, international and domestic, and promote the cooperation between universities and practical departments, research institutes and industrial enterprises in running schools, educating people, employment and development. Establish and improve the whole process collaborative education mechanism of training goal collaboration, teacher team collaboration, resource sharing collaboration and management mechanism collaboration. Promote the deep integration between schools and enterprises, speed up the development of new engineering courses, and explore a new paradigm of innovative and industry-oriented engineering education. Promote the collaboration between medical and teaching, and promote the collaborative linkage of enrollment, training, employment and use of medical talents. Deepen the combination of agriculture and education and transform the traditional agriculture and forestry specialty with modern biotechnology. Promote in-depth cooperation between universities and legal practice departments, and cultivate high-quality rule of law talents with both ability and political integrity. Expand the propaganda department and universities to jointly build journalism schools, strengthen Marxist journalism education, and cultivate all-media reserve talents. Improve the "trinity" collaborative education mechanism among universities, local governments and middle schools, create a national experimental area for teacher education innovation, and cultivate "four haves" good teachers. Promote "one system and three systems", deepen the combination of science and education, cooperation between universities and colleges, expand international high-end cooperation resources, and improve the global competitiveness of talents in basic disciplines.
8. Strengthen the practical education mechanism. Pay more attention to shaping students' ability according to social needs, and strengthen the cultivation and training of students' expression and communication ability, teamwork ability, scientific thinking ability, innovation and entrepreneurship ability, and practical operation ability, so that students have the comprehensive ability to discover, analyze, create and solve complex problems and can adapt to future challenges and changes. Systematic design of practical education teaching system, classification and formulation of practical teaching standards, increase the proportion of practical teaching, integrate practical teaching resources inside and outside the school, and accelerate the construction of practical education bases outside the school. Strengthen the construction of practical teaching team, open up theoretical teaching and practical operation, improve teachers' practical teaching ability, implement the system of young and middle-aged teachers' attachment to practical departments, and promote the training of "double-qualified" teachers. With modern information technology, we will push higher education to overtake in corners, further promote the application of modern technologies such as Internet, virtual reality, artificial intelligence and big data in education and teaching, explore the implementation of networked, digital and intelligent precision education, and promote the formation of a new development form of "internet plus Higher Education".
9. Promote the establishment of flexible learning system and student management system in colleges and universities. Change the concept of running a school, take stimulating students' learning interest and potential as the starting point and focus of education and teaching reform, and promote the transformation of undergraduate teaching from "teaching well" to "learning well", from teacher-centered to student-centered, and comprehensively improve students' professional ability and comprehensive quality. Reform the student management system, improve the system of dropping out of school and starting a business, and standardize the exercise of the right to change majors. Meet the diverse learning and development needs of students through cross-school minor courses and online courses. Actively explore the system of credit accumulation and recognition, and expand the time and space for students to study.
Fourth, improve the employment feedback mechanism and the employment service system.
10. Establish and improve the system of statistics, analysis and release of the employment situation of college graduates. Further improve the annual report system of employment quality of college graduates, scientifically and reasonably formulate reporting rules and statistical indicators, and standardize the sources of employment data for graduates. In-depth analysis and research on the employment rate, employment destination, employment satisfaction, the number and types of entrepreneurship of local school graduates, objectively reflect the current situation and characteristics of graduates' employment and entrepreneurship. It is necessary to release reports to the society on time and accept social supervision and feedback. The employment department of college graduates at the provincial level shall organize the supervision and inspection of the preparation and release of the annual report on the employment quality of local colleges and universities, implement the employment statistics and monitoring responsibility system, and ensure that the report data is true and accurate.
1 1. Establish and improve the feedback mechanism of employment status of college graduates. Strengthen the follow-up investigation and feedback on the employment situation of college graduates, and promote the reform of school enrollment and personnel training with the feedback results. It is necessary to establish smooth feedback channels through online surveys and field research, and give full play to the important role of the Internet and big data in the feedback process. It is necessary to establish and improve the organizational structure of employment, enrollment, educational administration and other departments, and properly link the feedback results with professional settings, enrollment plans, and funding arrangements.
12. Strengthen accurate employment guidance services. It is necessary to guide ideological values through employment guidance, channel expansion, service guarantee and other links, persist in vain efforts in managing and serving people, promote the innovation of ideological concepts, content forms, methods and means, promote the integration of ideological and political work and employment work, and enhance the sense of the times and effectiveness. Colleges and universities around the country should guide graduates to combine the realization of their own values with the future and destiny of the country in the process of developing students' career planning, employment guidance courses and employment practice, and make contributions to the grassroots and the places where the country needs them most. Make full use of "internet plus" new employment mode, accurately grasp graduates' job-seeking will and employers' job demand information, establish a precise employment service mechanism, improve the employment guidance curriculum system, carry out personalized counseling and consultation, improve the recruitment and information service system, do a good job in policy propaganda and interpretation, and strengthen assistance to vulnerable groups. Through high-quality employment service, scientific employment guidance and efficient information docking, we will vigorously expand employment channels, strive to achieve the docking of supply and demand and the matching of people and posts, promote graduates to find jobs and start businesses more fully and with higher quality, and provide strong talent support and intellectual guarantee for economic and social development.
Colleges and universities around the country should further unify their thinking, raise their awareness and attach great importance to the important role of forming a linkage mechanism between employment enrollment plan and personnel training in comprehensively improving personnel training ability. Education administrative departments at all levels should formulate supporting policies and measures according to the actual situation, strengthen cooperation with human resources, social security, finance and other relevant departments, improve the working mechanism, strengthen information sharing, and jointly promote the improvement of talent quality and employment level in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities should put the implementation of this guidance and the formation of linkage mechanism on an important agenda, strengthen analysis and judgment, clarify the division of tasks, implement work responsibilities, and effectively play a synergistic effect.