First, the substantial significance of Deng Xiaoping's educational thought is manifested in three aspects.
Education should face modernization, that is, it should face China's socialist modernization. It emphasizes the relationship between education and economic development and social progress, and requires education to actively adapt to and serve China's social and economic development, serve the needs of China's socialist modernization, cultivate and bring up construction talents at all levels (high, middle and primary) with sufficient quantity, qualified quality and reasonable structure, and improve the scientific, cultural and ideological and moral qualities of our citizens. As early as 1977, Comrade Deng Xiaoping said: "The key to our modernization is that science and technology can advance. Without paying attention to education, we can't develop science and technology. Modernization cannot rely on empty talk, but on knowledge and talent. " He also said: "If we want to master and develop modern scientific and cultural knowledge and new technologies and new processes in all walks of life, create higher labor productivity than capitalism, build China into a powerful socialist modernization country, and finally overcome the influence of the bourgeoisie in the superstructure, we must cultivate workers with high scientific and cultural level and cultivate a grand team of red and expert working-class intellectuals." Without science and education, there will be no hope for the four modernizations, and they will become empty talk. These speeches clearly and concisely explain the dependence of modernization on education, and show that the modernization of science and technology is particularly critical to the rapid economic development. Science and technology are productive forces, which is the traditional Marxist view. As a productive force, science and technology are showing its great role more and more. The modernization of science and technology undoubtedly depends on the cultivation of high-tech talents. And the cultivation of talents lies in education. To this end, 1985 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's decision on the reform of the education system clearly pointed out: "For China's economic and social development in the 1990s and even at the beginning of the next century, we will prepare on a large scale new qualified talents at all levels who can adhere to the socialist direction. It is necessary to train hundreds of millions of workers from all walks of life, such as industry, agriculture and commerce. People with education, technology and skills. It is necessary to train tens of millions of factory directors, managers, engineers, agronomists, economists, accountants, statisticians and other economic and technical personnel with modern science and technology, management knowledge and pioneering ability. It is also necessary to train tens of millions of educators, scientists, medical workers, theoretical workers, cultural workers, news editors and publishers, legal workers and party and government workers in various fields that meet the requirements of modern scientific and cultural development and new technological revolution. " On the other hand, education should face modernization, which requires education to serve China's socialist modernization and cultivate talents whose quality, quantity and structure can meet the needs of modernization. We should take seriously the challenge of the new technological revolution in the world, learn and introduce advanced science and technology, and cultivate high-level scientific and technological talents. At the same time, we should actively adapt to the construction of a high degree of socialist spiritual civilization and political civilization. Strive to cultivate young people into "four haves" with ideals, morality, knowledge and physical strength and adhere to the socialist direction. Comrade Lenin said a long time ago: "Neither teaching and education without productive labor nor productive labor without teaching and education at the same time can reach the height required by modern technology and scientific knowledge." The rapid development of modern economy and technology requires the rapid improvement of education quality and efficiency, and requires us to make new progress in the content and method of combining education with productive labor. This requires that China's education in the new period should pay attention to the combination with productive labor on the basis of imparting modern scientific knowledge to students, that is, pay attention to the cultivation of students' comprehensive practical ability, improve the effectiveness of education and teaching, and pay attention to the development of comprehensive practical courses in curriculum reform, so as to fully adapt to the era of rapid increase in science and technology and rapid update of knowledge, and effectively avoid the recurrence of the phenomenon of "high scores but low abilities" in past education. Third, education should face modernization, which includes not only the four modernizations of education adaptation and service, but also the modernization of education itself. This is because only by changing the modernization of education itself can education better adapt to and serve socialist modernization. The modernization of education itself is firstly the modernization of school-running mode, school-running concept, education system and education target curriculum; The second is the modernization of educational methods, educational technology, educational evaluation and educational research; Third, the conditions and facilities for running schools are gradually modernized. In this regard, education should continue to deepen the curriculum reform in an all-round way, increase investment in education, emphasize the priority position of education in economic development, emphasize the development strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education", strengthen educational research and teacher training, and accelerate the process of educational technology informatization. Strive to promote the formation of modern education pattern.
Education should face the world. In other words, educational reform and development should focus not only on China, but also on the world. On the one hand, education should serve China's opening-up policy; On the other hand, it also requires the openness of education itself. First of all, with the advent of the information age, modern means of transportation, communication technology, electronic technology and the Internet have developed rapidly, which not only greatly shortens the global spatial distance, but also promotes the contacts and exchanges between countries and nations. This is both a challenge and an opportunity for developing countries. In such an international environment, it is impossible to carry out socialist modernization without looking at the world trend. The great achievements made by China through reform and opening up are obvious to all. Comrade Deng Xiaoping has long said: "The world today is an open world ... The experience and lessons of more than 30 years tell us that it is impossible to engage in construction and development behind closed doors." "According to China's experience, it is unfavorable to isolate yourself from the world. To develop, we must persist in opening to the outside world ... China's policy of opening to the outside world is correct and has benefited a lot. If anything, it is not open enough. We must continue to open up and be more open. " . Then, China needs a large number of "open talents" who can go global, so as to communicate with other countries in the world, attract foreign investment, develop its economy and carry out comprehensive reform and opening up. This requires that education should actively adapt to and serve this need, that is, education should cultivate modern citizens of socialist China who can participate in and be competent for international competition. Only by cultivating a large number of cutting-edge talents and high-quality labor force for our country to adapt to international competition, and cultivating a large number of builders and successors who are familiar with the national conditions, understand the world, have lofty patriotism and internationalism, and can win glory for our country in international affairs, can our nation have hope and our economy be revitalized. In this sense, education should be good at educating students about opening to the outside world, the international situation and the world through educational and teaching activities and social practice, so as to lay a solid foundation for cultivating students' correct world outlook, good international awareness, international exchange and cooperation ability and international competitiveness. Secondly, education should absorb and draw lessons from the civilized achievements of all countries in the world, not only for itself, but also for the world. Facing the world, education means opening to the outside world, understanding the development status and trends of world science, education and culture, paying attention to the successful experience of educational development in various countries, absorbing the world's advanced educational scientific achievements, learning the world's advanced scientific and technological management experience and all beneficial cultural knowledge, especially absorbing and drawing lessons from the successful experience of educational development and management in various countries, and reflecting the outstanding achievements of world civilization and the latest development of contemporary scientific and technological culture. Education itself should face the world, strive to meet the needs of reform and opening up, and strengthen international education cooperation and exchanges. At the same time, it should proceed from the reality of China, oppose mechanical copying, and consciously resist the erosion of all kinds of decadent things. Comrade Deng Xiaoping said: "If socialism wants to win the advantages compared with capitalism, it must boldly absorb and learn from all the achievements created by human society, and all the advanced management methods and management methods that reflect the laws of modern socialized production in the world today, including developed capitalist countries." He also said, "China has its own characteristics, so we can only do things according to the reality of China. Other people's experience can be used for reference, but we can't copy it." In this regard, we have many experiences and lessons. While learning from foreign countries, we should also proceed from our own reality, learn from the strengths of other countries, and strive to establish a socialist education theory with China characteristics. In this regard, we will continue to expand the exchange of books and materials with countries around the world, realize international information networking, exchange educational theories and experience, introduce advanced teaching materials, educational means and educational technology, and run schools jointly or solely. Only in this way can education better serve the country's opening to the outside world and better train talents who can adapt to the opening to the outside world.
Education should face the future, which is determined by the advanced nature of education. It's about the relationship between modern education and future education. It was put forward by Comrade Deng Xiaoping from the needs of realizing the grand development goal of China's economy, and also from the future development trend of science and technology and economy. Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, the cycle of knowledge updating is getting shorter and shorter, the knowledge acquired by people is outdated or outdated, and new knowledge is constantly emerging. Traditional school education can no longer meet the needs of the current situation. Therefore, this requires people to have a sense of the future and a sense of being ahead. It is required that education should face the future and train talents for the future society. It emphasizes the advanced development of education and its function of serving the future economic and social development. Its core is that education reserves talents for future development, so that talents can fully adapt to the high development, rapid renewal and fierce competition of science and technology and economy in the future. We should examine and plan the development strategy of education from the characteristics of future scientific, technological, economic and cultural development. Deng Xiaoping once pointed out with great foresight: "We should not only see the short-term needs, but also foresee the long-term needs to meet the needs of production, construction and development, and fully estimate the development trend of modern science and technology." "Today, due to the rapid development of modern science and technology, the update of production equipment and the change of production technology are very rapid. Many products are often replaced by a new generation of products after a few years. Only when workers have a higher scientific and cultural level, rich production experience and advanced labor skills can they play a greater role in modern production. "This requires that education must first serve the sustainable development of social economy. In other words, education should cultivate talents for future social and economic development, and run current education well with a long-term and historical strategic vision according to the quality requirements of future society. Generally speaking, it takes 16 or 7 years for a person to graduate from primary school to university. Education starts with dolls, and now we should consider the needs of social development after ten or twenty years. If education is to face the future, it requires that the talents we train should meet the needs of both the current socialist modernization and the future. Facing the future is to predict the requirements of the future society for education and attach importance to the research of tomorrow's education. Therefore, at present, we should set up today's education from a development perspective, meet the quality requirements of all kinds of talents at all levels in the modernization to be realized, establish new disciplines needed for China's future development in time, and develop new courses needed for future development in time, so that today's education can adapt to and meet the needs of future social development. Secondly, the state and society must run the current education well with a long-term and historical strategic vision. Make education itself embark on the road of sustainable development. Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward: "In the long run, we should attach importance to education and science and technology. "Today, giving priority to the development of education means increasing investment in education, updating teaching equipment and improving the educational environment; At the same time, education itself has long-term development potential, and China's education will be at the forefront of the world in the fierce competition in the new century, thus promoting the rapid development of China's economy and science and technology, constantly improving the international competitiveness of China's economy and science and technology, and laying a good foundation for enhancing China's comprehensive national strength and national cohesion.
Second, the dialectical relationship and practical significance of Deng Xiaoping's educational thought in three aspects.
1, the dialectical relationship of three aspects of Deng Xiaoping's educational thought. "Three Faces" is an inseparable and unified whole with strong characteristics of the times. It was put forward by Deng Xiaoping (1983) according to the situation of international new technological revolution and domestic modernization and the serious inadaptability of education and modernization in China at that time. It can be said that it is a highly generalized and scientific summary of Deng Xiaoping's educational theory, which embodies the characteristics of the times in a certain period and the fundamental requirements for education. The unity of "three orientations" in one goal is to actively and effectively obey and serve the socialist modernization; Unity in one process is to explore the school-running mode of Socialism with Chinese characteristics education, form the education system of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and stand tall among the nations in the world.
The content of "three orientations" has its own emphasis, among which "education should face modernization" is the core and foundation. This requires that our education work should actively adapt to and serve the needs of social and economic development in China. On the one hand, modernization is the general direction and strategic goal of socialist construction, and education is an integral part of the whole society, shouldering the historical responsibility of cultivating qualified talents for modernization, so education should be "oriented to modernization"; On the other hand, it also briefly answers the basic function of education, that is, education should cultivate new people with "four haves" for socialism. Training new people with "four haves" is to better cultivate socialist modernization. But to face modernization, we must face the world and the future; Only by facing the world and the future can we better adapt to and serve the social and economic opening-up of China and the future development and sustainable development strategy of China. It can be seen that facing the world and the future is to better face modernization and to do a good job in socialist modernization. The Outline of Education Reform and Development in China pointed out: "According to the three-step strategic deployment of China's socialist modernization, by the end of this century, the overall goal of China's education development is to significantly improve the level of education for all; Great development of pre-service and post-service education for urban and rural workers; All kinds of professionals basically meet the needs of modernization; Form the basic framework of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's education system facing 2 1 century; After decades of hard work, we will build a relatively mature and perfect socialist education system and realize the modernization of education. " From this perspective, "education should face modernization" is the starting point and long-term direction of educational work, and it is a process synchronized with the modernization of politics, economy, science and technology and social production. It can be said that adhering to the "Three Orientations" is the correct choice to hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and push Socialism with Chinese characteristics's education into the 2 1 century.
2. The three levels of Deng Xiaoping's educational thought and the practical significance of his advanced educational ideas. The "Three Faces" accurately reveals the historical turning point of China's education, that is, from the education with class struggle as the key link and the education with closed doors to the education with economic construction as the center and the education with reform and opening up, and clearly points out that the ultimate goal of China's education in the new period is to establish a socialist education system with China characteristics that meets the needs of China's socialist modernization. Therefore, "Three Faces" is the core content of Deng Xiaoping's educational thought and a great development and contribution to Mao Zedong's educational thought. It not only becomes the direction of education reform and development in China, but also reflects the overall balance of international education reform. In these "three aspects", we can see several viewpoints of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's educational thought:
The first is the educational concept of education first. In the process of human social development, people have come to the conclusion through exploration and practice that education is the main way and means to develop human resources, and it is also one of the main ways and means for people to create the future. People pay great attention to the basic position of human resources in modern economic development and the development of human resources determines the priority position of education. And this is one of the basic viewpoints of "three orientations". "Three Faces" means respecting knowledge and intellectuals; "Science and technology is the key and education is the foundation"; Views such as "education is the strategic focus" are not only the continuation but also the development of these views. Comrade Deng Xiaoping said, "I think this is the key to education and science. ..... Now we must pay close attention to the development of education. " He also mentioned many times that it is necessary to grasp the connection between the whole and the part, stand at the height of realizing the overall goal of modernization, grasp the connection between the future and the present, and reveal that education is the premise of realizing the overall goal of modernization and the basic project related to the overall situation of modernization strategy. Based on this, he particularly emphasized the development of education as a strategic policy and measure. The key to economic revitalization lies in science and technology, the foundation of scientific and technological progress lies in education, and the goal of educational development lies in talents, which is the consistent basic viewpoint of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. According to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's thought of giving priority to the development of education from a strategic height, the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China listed education as one of the strategic priorities of economic construction. The 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward "a century-long plan, with education as the foundation"; The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward more clearly: "Education must be placed in a strategic position of giving priority to development". This series of strategic choices has great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.
The second is the educational concept of educational internationalization. On the one hand, education should adjust the specifications and requirements of training talents according to the actual needs of economic development, and take the training of export-oriented and international talents who can participate in international competition as an important task and talent training goal of modern education, so that these talents can have the consciousness and ability to dare to compete and be good at competition, and can meet more intense competition and challenges with higher political quality and professional ability. At the same time, education is also required to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in personnel training, teacher training, educational research and modernization of facilities and equipment. Comrade Deng Xiaoping's "Three Faces" is the concentrated expression of this thought. He has always advocated opening to the outside world, including economy, science and technology, education and other fields. He believes that the education system is an open system, and China's education must communicate with other countries' education and constantly absorb nutrition, so as to promote its own metabolism and bring forth new ideas. As he said, "But you can't solve the problem by your own experience and lessons. ..... opening up is not only to develop international exchanges, but also to absorb international experience. " Based on these viewpoints, China's education has made good achievements in opening to the outside world, such as sending and receiving foreign students, international Chinese teaching and academic exchanges and cooperation.
The third is the educational concept of educational informatization. As one of the three components of nature, information is also one of the three pillars of modern science and technology. Electronic information technology leads human society into the era of knowledge economy, that is, intelligence is generally developed, which rapidly promotes social development. Education should adapt to the changes of the new era, modernization and "new technological revolution", first of all, it should adapt to informationization. On the one hand, it requires education to cultivate talents who have the ability to collect, select and process information and can adapt to the information society; We should also be good at effectively applying the achievements of information science and technology to education, scientific research and other cultural activities. That is, actively introduce information technology, overcome the limitations of school education and students' learning in time and space, finally realize the personalization, socialization and lifelong education, and greatly improve the material basis of education quality. This thought is embodied in the "three aspects" of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's educational thought. He advocated that education should meet the needs of China's modernization and fully estimate the development trend of modern science and technology. "We should fully understand the importance of science and technology." Our future society will undoubtedly be an information society. Therefore, the development of education is inseparable from informationization. This requires our education to further accelerate the process of introducing information machines into education and accelerate the modernization of educational concepts, educational concepts and educational methods. In the field of education, modern information technology is widely and deeply used, which promotes the process of educational reform and development. This view has also been highly valued by the party and the state. The Ministry of Education's Action Plan for Revitalizing Education from 2003 to 2007 clearly points out that "educational informatization is an important part of national informatization, which has far-reaching significance for changing educational ideas and concepts, deepening educational reform, improving educational quality and efficiency, and cultivating innovative talents".
Anyway. The "Three Faces" of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's educational thought is an organic whole, which focuses on improving the ideological and moral level and scientific and cultural level of the whole nation, and cultivating talents needed for modernization. It not only points out the strategic direction for the reform and development of China's education, but also provides an important theoretical basis for us to fully implement quality education and deepen the curriculum reform experiment today. Therefore, it is of great significance to comprehensively implement the "Three Orientations" for improving the present situation of education and making education play a greater role in socialist modernization.