On Children's Mental Health Education —— Proposed by the World Health Organization? Health not only means that the body is free from diseases, but also means that the body, mind and society are in good condition. ? It can be seen that health includes both physical and mental aspects. There is a close relationship between human body and psychology. A healthy mind lies in a healthy body, and an unhealthy mind can lead to physical abnormality and even illness. In the past, the concept of physical education emphasized the body and ignored the psychology, which was not comprehensive. Future talents should not only master modern science and technology, but also have comprehensive ability, strong physique, sound personality and healthy psychological quality. Intellectual development, moral cultivation and improvement of comprehensive quality; The formation and development of innovative consciousness, competitive ability, independent personality and adaptability are all influenced by psychological quality. Therefore, it is a new task for educators to effectively carry out mental health education in kindergarten sports activities.
First, the importance of mental health education for preschool children's development
The United Nations World Health Organization gives children a new meaning of health, that is, they should not only have a healthy body, but also have a sound psychological state and the ability to adapt to society. In recent years, the education circle has been discussing extensively the issues related to quality education, which also involves how to cultivate children's deep quality.
Piaget thinks? The relationship between education has two factors, one is the value of social rationality and morality, the other is the growing individual. The interaction between these two aspects constitutes a dynamic process through the intermediary of psychological activities. ?
In this sense, the process of children's development is a socialization process in which life activities and social practice activities interact through psychological activities. Therefore, taking psychological quality training as the core of children's quality education is a major change in educational thinking mode and an important way to promote the all-round development of children's quality.
Second, the relationship between kindergarten sports activities and children's mental health
Kindergarten physical education is an important part of children's comprehensive and harmonious development education. Scientific, reasonable and suitable physical and mental sports activities can promote the normal development of children's body and the coordinated development of their functions, and promote the social development of children. Physical education has laid a material foundation for children's mental health. People's physical quality and psychological quality are mutually restricted and closely related.
As a person who is integrated with body and mind, whether his physical quality is healthy or not will inevitably have an impact on his mental health, including his cognition, emotion, will and personality.
(1) Physical exercise can promote physical development and provide a solid material foundation for mental health development.
Human psychology is the organism of human brain, which is a part of human body. The development of mental health must be based on the normal development of the body, especially the normal and healthy development of the nervous system and brain. Physical exercise can promote normal and healthy physical development and provide a solid material foundation for psychological development. This is an important condition for psychological development.
(2) The contradiction between the new demands of sports activities and the original psychological level has become the driving force to promote psychological development.
Kindergarten sports activities are different in content and form. Therefore, the original psychological level often can't meet the needs of the learned activities. Almost all activities require children to have good will qualities such as courage, persistence, self-control, and fear of difficulties, as well as various emotions such as optimism, friendliness, theft and sympathy. The above-mentioned psychological activities and psychological characteristics, as far as a person's natural development level is concerned, can certainly not meet the needs of physical education learning and sports competition.
However, in the activities carried out by children in order to continuously improve their activity level or defeat their opponents, the original psychological level is gradually improved. In other words, the contradiction between the new demands of sports and the original psychological level promotes the development of psychology.
(3) Promote the development of self-awareness.
Physical exercise helps children understand themselves. There are various forms of kindergarten sports activities, and their abilities, self-cultivation and charm will be clearly displayed, so that they can have a more real understanding of themselves. Physical activities also contribute to self-education. On the basis of a more correct understanding of self, we should consciously or unconsciously correct our own understanding and behavior, cultivate and improve the psychological quality and various abilities needed by society, and make ourselves more in line with social needs and adapt to society.
(4) Physical activities can cultivate good will quality.
Sports are generally characterized by hardship, fatigue, fierceness, tension and fierce competition. Children's participation in physical exercise is always accompanied by strong emotional experience and obvious will. Therefore, through sports, it is helpful to cultivate children's brave, tenacious, hard-working, persistent and overcoming difficulties, to cultivate the spirit of unity, friendship, collectivism and patriotism, and to cultivate the will quality of wit, flexibility, composure, decisiveness and modesty. Keep children in a positive, healthy and uplifting mental state.
Therefore, kindergartens must explore the methods and modes of implementing mental health education for children, eliminate their bad psychological characteristics and promote the improvement of their comprehensive quality.
Third, the methods of mental health education in kindergarten sports activities
(A) to carry out mental health education for children with sports games as the carrier.
1, using sports games to develop children's self-awareness
Children's self-knowledge mainly comes from the active exploration and experience of the surrounding things, and various forms of sports games provide excellent conditions for the development of children's self-knowledge to a certain extent. By playing different game roles, especially imitating adults' behaviors and attitudes, children are guided to form a real sense of social role. This kind of experience and feeling makes children discover themselves more truly, germinate their understanding of the relationship with the collective and society, gradually understand their own behavior, promote the formation of self-awareness, and lay a good foundation for stepping into society and successfully fulfilling various social roles and responsibilities in the future.
2. Use sports games to help children master interpersonal skills.
When we organize sports meetings, we strive to create a relaxed, equal, happy and straightforward spiritual environment for children. Through participation, children constantly get physical exercise and learn to cooperate, negotiate, be modest and help each other. In addition, in order to establish a closer relationship between children and game partners, children will actively change some of their bad behaviors and interpersonal barriers. In this way, children's initial social communication ability has been well developed in sports activities.
3. Use sports games to cultivate children's self-control and influence children's social behavior norms.
Pay attention to the unique rules of sports games and remind children to maintain a certain degree of self-control in order to make the game go smoothly. Children's consciousness of consciously obeying the rules will be transferred and embodied in real life, which will directly or indirectly affect children's cognition of social behavior norms in real life, shorten the process of mastering social behavior norms, and gradually transform them into practical actions and form habits.
4. Use sports games to stimulate the initiative and enthusiasm of children's behavior.
We can play some competitive sports games in the middle class and the big class. Competition makes the whole process lively and enthusiastic. For young children, the chances of winning are always equal, and the result is usually uncertain. In order to win, they must abandon all slack and slack, bear the psychological pressure exerted by their opponents or competitors, and face and solve difficulties bravely by their own strength and will. At the same time, pay attention to individual differences? Strong versus strong, weak versus weak? Ways, the same content, different requirements, let children participate in the game according to their own strength, which better stimulates the enthusiasm of children to participate in the game and cultivates self-confidence.
(two) to carry out various forms of sports activities to promote the healthy development of children's psychology.
1, use exercises and physical education class to consolidate children's good self-awareness.
Starting from different types such as morning rhythmic exercises, light weapons exercises, imitation exercises and body gymnastics, the comprehensive quality training runs through the preparation stage, study and practice stage, practice stage and evaluation stage. In the preparation stage, guide children to collect information, make equipment, participate in the selection and compilation of exercises together, and encourage children to actively make suggestions. And explore new movements by observing and imitating, so as to cultivate innovative ability; In the stage of learning and practicing questions, adopt a series of progressive activities such as imitation, practice, performance and evaluation, and then encourage children to enhance their self-confidence and gain good self-awareness through encouragement and praise; In the final evaluation stage, guide children to reflect on watching, conduct self-evaluation on the basis of perceptual knowledge, and consolidate self-knowledge.
2. Use outdoor activities to consolidate communication skills and stimulate innovative spirit.
In outdoor activities, teachers' authority consciousness should be weakened, a relaxed psychological environment should be created for children's communication, and direct evaluation of children should be minimized, thus providing more free opportunities, improving communication frequency and consolidating communication ability. At the same time, encourage children to play cooperative games, so that children can experience fun and gain a sense of accomplishment in the process of free companionship and cooperation. Thirdly, pay attention to guiding children to consider the diversity of activities with holistic thinking and multi-directional thinking, and actively participate in children's discussions and exchanges, encourage children to express their wishes and opinions boldly, and cultivate their initial innovative spirit.
(C) all kinds of sports equipment to promote the development of children's mental health
Improve the functionality and variability of sports equipment, further enhance the initiative of children to participate in sports activities, and comprehensively promote the development of children's comprehensive qualities such as social skills, social adaptation, innovative spirit and practical ability on the basis of scientific selection of materials and multi-purpose of one thing.
1, make full use of all kinds of homemade toys and natural substitutes.
Homemade materials are safe, interesting and practical, which can not only stimulate children's enthusiasm for innovation, but also exercise their ability to use their hands and brains, killing two birds with one stone. First, collect materials with children, or provide children with semi-finished materials suitable for their age. Through open questions, guide children to use waste skillfully and turn waste into treasure as a bystander, and make various toys with teachers.
When children's relevant experience is not rich enough, they will ask questions as collaborators, promote thinking with questions, promote action with thinking, and help children complete and perfect their ideas. In practice, fully tap the variability and versatility of each homemade toy, guide children to think from an abnormal angle and broaden their efficacy. For example, to play with a paper stick, you can jump with the stick, jump with your feet across the stick, jump into the river, walk the maze and fight. While expanding communication channels, we can learn more about one thing and play one more thing, which further establishes children's innovative consciousness and cultivates social qualities such as competition and cooperation.
More exciting next page? Talking about Children's Mental Health Education Papers?