First, the common types of students' anomie behavior and their negative psychological reactions
1. Common types of students' anomie behavior
(1) Learning anomie behavior
In the current social transformation environment, some students' concept of life has changed greatly compared with the original students, and then there has been anomie behavior that violates the normal education and learning laws. If cheating in exams increases, some students are not interested in learning and indulge in unrealistic ideas of making big money and doing great things in the future. They often miss classes, so they cheat to pass the exam, hoping to pass. Some students' goal is to use their parents' money to go to college and get a diploma after graduation. There are also some students who indulge themselves every day, relax themselves, do nothing, muddle along in boredom and boredom with learning, and hold the idea that they can't learn well anyway. This kind of anomie stifles students' vigor and fighting spirit, and also causes some students to become idlers, often making up their minds and making plans, and finally turning them into regrets and sighs.
(2) Anomie behavior in the field of lifestyle
In addition to learning, lifestyle anomie also appears in students' learning life. Some students have premature sex because of puppy love or affection and curiosity for the opposite sex, which even leads to serious consequences for junior middle school girls 15 and 16 years old to get pregnant. This kind of anomie has seriously affected the study and life of the parties concerned, especially caused physical and mental harm to girls, and also affected the school spirit and class spirit. The anomie behavior of puppy love often becomes the beginning of girls' injury, which also affects the normal interpersonal communication between the parties and other students and has a very negative impact on personal physical and mental growth.
(3) anomie behavior in the moral field
Moral anomie is manifested in the lack of students' public moral consciousness and the expansion of selfish psychology. As some scholars have said, moral anomie is a social phenomenon, which is a deviant phenomenon at the behavioral level caused by the crisis of the meaning system in the mind. At present, some students attach importance to material enjoyment and lack spiritual pursuit, which leads to vulgarization of their life goals, such as hedonism, money worship, fighting for parents' position, fighting for parents' worth and so on. Some students even waste their time in adult entertainment places. In the class, in order to compete for class workers and group workers, some students do not hesitate to treat guests and give gifts to win votes. Although these students are a minority group, their negative influence is great, which can easily lead to imitation and learning by other students and seriously affect the effect of school education. In addition, the indifference of public moral consciousness is also an obvious change between the current student group and the previous students. The lack of sense of responsibility and justice and the decrease of reliability are all obvious manifestations.
(4) network anomie behavior
Students' network anomie behavior refers to students' internet addiction behavior in the process of using the internet, as well as irrational behavior that violates morality, public morality or illegal crimes. In China, students' cyber crime began with e-mail fraud (1994), and since then, students have successively committed theft, fraud and other illegal and criminal acts through the Internet. For example, a student named Lu Mou (200 1) stole and sold his account online by intrusive means, which led to the loss of a company's economic interests. In addition to cyber crimes, the most common network anomie behaviors among students at present also involve tampering with test scores, plagiarism of academic papers and articles, pornographic chatting, browsing pornographic websites, using pirated software in large quantities, and indulging in online games. With the development of network technology, students' network anomie has a more profound impact on people's lives, and its prevention should also be a long-term and complicated task of school student management.
2. Negative psychological reaction of students' anomie behavior
(1) Negative self-cognition
Cognition refers to the human brain's reflection on the individual and overall attributes of objective things and the relationship between attributes, and also includes individual psychological activities such as understanding the meaning and function of objective things and people. Students' negative cognition refers to their understanding, feeling and evaluation of themselves, surrounding conditions and environment, people and things in the process of life. When students have anomie behavior, they know that they have failed the expectations of their parents, teachers and schools, and are prone to unreasonable psychological manifestations such as inferiority, pride and conceit, which leads to low self-evaluation and lack of opinions in the academic process. Some students are in a state of psychological crisis because of their lack of psychological endurance, which leads to the impairment of sensory and perceptual functions and gradually produces psychological problems.
(2) Negative emotional reaction
Emotion is a subjective experience accompanied by people's cognition, and it is an individual's tendentious attitude and experience about whether objective things meet their subjective needs. Students with psychological crisis and anomie generally have the following three emotional reactions: First, anxiety. In study and life, most students have different degrees of anxiety, especially those who have poor academic performance and feel that their conditions are not good enough. Symptoms such as nervousness, irritability, poor rest quality and poor appetite are easy to appear in the learning process. The second is depression. Because of their own temperament and personality characteristics, as well as external factors such as poor academic and communication, students will have depressive symptoms, which will develop into depression in severe cases. Students with depression are characterized by reduced thinking ability, narrow thinking and frequent guilt. These students will feel hopeless in their studies, and then do nothing and be pessimistic and disappointed. In severe cases, they may commit suicide or attack others and society. The third is irritability. Irritability is an overreaction state of individuals, which is manifested as annoyance, impatience or anger, and belongs to the symptoms of abnormal emotions. Anomie students are prone to some violent emotional reactions, even if they encounter slight stimulation or unpleasant situations. For example, it's easy to get angry, excited, angry and even go on the rampage, arguing with people around you. Therefore, anomie behavior and emotional response are mutually influential and causal.
(3) Negative psychological coping
Negative behavior performance refers to some defensive methods and means that students naturally appear or take the initiative to eliminate or alleviate negative emotions during their studies, which is an aspect of students' own anomie behavior. Including: first, rebellion. Some students are rebellious because their needs are not met or they feel more depressed. At the same time, due to the lack of good personality cultivation and the influence of negative psychology of the group, it is easy to have problem behaviors, such as skipping classes, damaging public property, confronting teachers, venting anger and retaliating against schools. The second is to escape. Some students are too cautious, afraid of leaving a bad impression on their classmates, friends and parents, leading to cowardice and retreat. Such students have no confidence in themselves, lack psychological preparation for setbacks and dare not face the reality. The third is attack. Due to the unsatisfactory academic process, some students with depression or other psychological problems have aggressive behaviors, such as self-harm or attacking others and society. Second, the educational strategy of students' anomie behavior
1. Students' Anomie Behavior Education at the Individual Level
(1) Family education
The support and education of family environment have obviously influenced the individual's personality formation, way of doing things and behavior choice. Students from different family environments have obvious differences in learning and communication. As the strong backing of the individual, the family should provide sufficient spiritual support and psychological help in personal growth. At present, the function of family education is very weak, especially for students from poor families in rural and urban areas. Their parents often work in other places to make money. Whether they are satisfied with their material life is a more concerned issue, and their children's spiritual growth and psychological feelings have become neglected. As a result, the intimacy between some students and their families is reduced, and there is less growth education from their families. In view of this situation, to solve the problem from the source, we must rely on local economic development, promote the transfer of local rural labor force, effectively reduce the number of left-behind children, and promote parents' education and management of their children.
(2) School education
At present, the growth education of individual students in schools is basically a state of post-event education, that is, the education of individual students is basically blank. Normal individual education is often that I have done something that violates the school rules and regulations, or I have been asked by the class teacher and the management teacher to talk alone when I encounter other abnormal things. In addition to strengthening the education of students' daily behavior norms, it is also necessary to strengthen class rules and school discipline through traditional forms such as theme class meetings and help groups. We should also make use of new educational media to let students watch educational films and documentaries through classroom networks, multimedia videos and other forms that students like, so as to improve their quality and learn lessons and experiences from real cases and peer incidents. Let students appreciate and like elegant works from a cognitive and aesthetic point of view, and abandon vulgar and interesting content. Do a good job in the training and management of class teachers, improve the treatment of class teachers, effectively improve the enthusiasm and initiative of class teachers, lay a foundation for their good education, and change the post-event education of anomie behavior into early prevention.
(3) Psychological education
Another way for schools to educate individual students is individual counseling, but the limitations of this method are obvious. Although individual counseling belongs to prior education, its premise is that students voluntarily consult and realize their inherent needs for psychological counseling. Because psychological counseling has its own professional and work characteristics, with special emphasis on the voluntariness and confidentiality of counseling, psychological counselors are in a passive state in individual counseling. Even if they realize that visiting students still have unresolved psychological problems, counselors are mostly waiting or doing nothing, and they can't take the initiative to find visiting students to deal with things like ordinary teachers or managers and class teachers. Because of this, school counselors often become the safe objects for students to confide their secrets, but they often can't solve the problems in a short time, and the problems left behind may become the source of students' anomie behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the group mental health education and psychological consultation in schools, maintain students' mental health by popularizing mental health knowledge and enhancing mental health awareness, and effectively prevent and reduce anomie behavior.
2. Students' anomie behavior education at the group level
(1) classroom education
The school's "being a man" education for students is mainly realized through subtle classroom teaching and moral education. What runs through it is the education and guidance of students' values and morality. Morality is the sum total of behavioral norms that adjust the relationship between people and between individuals and society in society. It is a spiritual force that relies on public opinion, public beliefs and social traditions to play an educational role. It is the standard for members of mainstream society to abide by, evaluate and judge right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness. Moral restraint and evaluation of individual behavior have become the internalized standards for individuals to evaluate others. These should run through the whole process of school classroom education, and demonstrate to students personally through the education and guidance of teachers, so as to achieve the purpose of inheriting moral norms and habits. Specifically, the current student education should guide students to make clear the following contents through the set courses: the purpose of serving the society, consciously studying hard for strengthening the country and enriching the people, overcoming the negative influence of social thoughts such as money worship, hedonism and pragmatism, avoiding the misunderstanding of "self-design, self-struggle and self-realization", overcoming narrow personal values, and preventing, restraining and resisting illegal acts from the depths of students' hearts.
(2) Ideological quality education in schools
School education should include not only the study of knowledge content of various subjects, but also the practice and application of knowledge content such as pedagogy and psychology, including the mental exercise and emotional intelligence training of students in individual cognition, memory, thinking, emotion, will and problem solving. Through the education of students' daily classroom and behavior norms, we can guide students to pay attention to themselves, society and the world, not only to realize their development goals of study and life, but also to carry out ideal education, so as to cultivate students' lofty ideals and think about the future of society and mankind. Only by actively expanding their horizons, looking at the world, integrating their own development into the social environment and forming a benign interaction between individuals and the social environment can students grow into ambitious young people with broad minds, truly realize ideological growth and personality sublimation, thus enhancing their immunity and effectively avoiding anomie.
(3) the influence of campus culture
The causes of students' anomie come from external and internal factors, and the prevention and education of students' anomie should also be carried out from the aspects of students themselves and their environment, and students' anomie should be intervened through heteronomy and self-discipline. In heteronomy, we should strengthen the role of school rules and discipline and restrain students' anomie behavior from the outside. Self-discipline refers to helping students improve their immunity through the edification, education and guidance of campus culture. From the external environment, strengthening the construction of campus culture and creating a campus cultural atmosphere conducive to the healthy growth of students are conducive to attracting students' attention, cultivating students' sentiments and optimizing the educational environment. Colorful campus cultural life can help students to eliminate loneliness and sense of loss, and help to reduce their bad psychology such as irritability, emptiness, rebellion and jealousy. Rich extracurricular activities and class group activities can help students eliminate psychological and emotional interference, promote interpersonal communication, enhance communication skills and coordinate interpersonal relationships.