liang qichao

Liang Qichao, also known as Gong, owner of ice house, ice drinker, mourner, citizen of New China, owner of free lent, and Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty. Han nationality, a native of Xinhui, Guangdong Province, is a representative of China's modern reformists and an enlightener of China's modern thoughts. He was a great social activist who deeply participated in the transformation from the old society to the modern society in China, one of the four professors of Tsinghua University National College in the early Republic of China, and a famous news activist. His article has a unique historical perspective, which is thought-provoking and enlightening. Liang Qichao received traditional education at home since childhood. 1890 tried it in Beijing, but it didn't work. On the way back to Guangdong, I passed by Shanghai, and saw An Introduction to World Geography, A Brief Introduction to Ying Huan and the translation of western books by Shanghai Machinery Bureau, which was an eye-opener. In the same year, I met Kang Youwei and joined him. Later, Kang Youwei and I led the famous "Reform Movement of 1898". His works have been compiled into Drinking Room Collection, including Academic History of China in Recent 300 Years, Historical Research Law of China, etc., which has a far-reaching influence on later generations.

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1873 was born in Xinhui county, Guangdong province +0889 was an examiner in Guangdong province +0890 began to study in Kang Youwei 189 1. He followed Kang Youwei to study in the 10,000-acre thatched cottage, accepted Kang Youwei's thoughts and theories, and embarked on the road of reform and reform, which was collectively called "Kang Liang" internationally. In the same year, he married his wife Li Huixian. 1in the spring of 895, he went to Beijing again to take the exam, assisted Kang Youwei, and launched a "bus petition" for candidates to jointly petition in Beijing. Liang Qichao was active in the Reform Movement. He was in charge of the World Bulletin in Beijing (later renamed Chinese and Foreign Annals) and the statue of Liang Qichao in Shanghai.

He went to Macao to organize "Meet the New Newspaper". Many of his political views have great influence on society. 1897, head teacher of Wu Shi school in Changsha, promoting Hunan's political reform thought. 1898 returned to Beijing to participate in the "Hundred Days Reform". In July, summoned by Emperor Guangxu, he was ordered to present the General Theory of Reform, awarded six titles, and was responsible for handling the affairs of Shi Jing University Hall Translation Company. In September of the same year, when the coup took place, Liang Qichao fled to Japan and had contact with the revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen. During his stay in Japan, he successively founded Qingyi Newspaper and Xinmin Cong Newspaper, advocating reform and opposing revolution. At the same time, it also introduced a large number of western social and political theories, which had a great influence among intellectuals at that time. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he tried to make revolutionaries compromise with the Qing government. In the early years of the Republic of China, he supported Yuan Shikai, inherited Yuan Yi's intention, merged the Democratic Party with the Republican Party and the United Party, rebuilt the Progressive Party, and competed with the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen for political power. 1903 The new novel was published in October. 19 13, the "talent cabinet" of the progressive party was established, and Liang Qichao became the chief justice. At the end of 19 15, Yuan Shikai's heart of claiming the emperor was increasingly exposed. Liang Qichao opposed Yuan's claim to the throne and plotted against Yuan with Cai E. The war to defend the country broke out in Yunnan. 19 16, Liang Qichao went to Guangdong and Guangxi to participate in the struggle against Yuan. After Yuan Shikai's death, Liang Qichao served as the chief financial officer of Beiyang government in Duan and was supervised by the General Administration of Salt Affairs. 1965438+In September 2007, Sun Yat-sen launched a campaign to protect the law. 165438+ 10, Duan's cabinet was forced to step down, and Liang Qichao also took the blame and resigned from politics. 19 18 At the end of the year, Liang Qichao went to Europe and learned many problems and disadvantages of western society. After returning to China, he preached that western civilization had gone bankrupt and advocated developing traditional culture and "saving the world" with the "inherent civilization" of the East. From 1922, he attended a part-time course in Tsinghua University, and from 1925, he applied for the position of tutor of China Research Institute in Ren Qinghua. 1927, leaving Tsinghua research institute. 1in the spring of 923, his wife died of cancer recurrence, and Liang was very sad. Since then, there has been blood in his urine. I don't want to add burden to my family, so I don't tell anyone. It was not until June 1926 that I suspected that I had cancer that I agreed to go to a German hospital for examination. After examination by a famous doctor, Keli found hematuria, but the pathogen could not be found. At this time, Liang Qichao did not realize the seriousness of his illness and remained optimistic about it. In a letter to his eldest daughter Ling Xian on February 9, he said: "In fact, I have no pain at all, and my spirit is as usual. As long as I close my eyes when I pee, nothing will happen. I think it is extremely unreasonable. " 1926 found hematuria at the beginning, and went to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for examination to diagnose nephropathy. The doctors in the Union Medical College Hospital checked for several days, and finally determined that the right kidney was born with a tumor, so they had an operation on March 16, and all the right kidneys were removed. However, after the right nephrectomy, hematuria could not be completely stopped. Dr. Sheikh could only do passive prevention and treatment, but not active treatment. Later, it was found that the healthy right kidney was mistakenly cut because of the intern's mistake. Tang Ziyu, a famous Chinese doctor, recovered gradually. 1928, due to the death of my mentor Kang Youwei, my favorite disciple Fan Jingsheng and Wang Guowei, I experienced great sadness. He can't work at his desk any longer. 1929 1 month 19 died in Peking union medical college hospital, and a memorial service was held in Beijing and Shanghai with many participants.

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Liang Qichao participated extensively in academic research, and made achievements in philosophy, literature, history, Confucian classics, law, ethics, religion and other fields, among which historical research was the most remarkable. Liang Qichao worked hard all his life and wrote a lot. In the past 36 years, political activities have taken up a lot of time. On average, he wrote 390,000 words a year, and all kinds of writings reached more than 6.5438+0.4 million words. There are many collections of his works, among which the Collection of Works in the Ice Room published in September 1936+0 1 is relatively complete. Restaurant Collection has 148 volumes, and100000 words. From 190 1 to 1902, he wrote China's Historical Narrative and New History, criticized feudal history and launched a "historical revolution". After my trip to Europe, I mainly engaged in cultural education and academic research activities, focusing on pre-Qin philosophers, Qing dynasty academics, history and Buddhism. From 1922, I worked part-time in Tsinghua University, and from 1925, I applied for the position of tutor of Ren Qinghua Sinology Research Institute. The scope of my instruction is: philosopher, history of Buddhism in China, academic history of Song Yuanming, academic history of Qing Dynasty, China literature, history of China philosophy, history of China, historical research methods, etc. During this period, he wrote Academic Introduction of Qing Dynasty, A Case Study of Mozi, Research Methods of China's History, Academic History of China for Nearly 300 Years, Du Fu's Lover, Qu Yuan Research, Political Thought History of Pre-Qin Dynasty, Cultural History of China and Reform Discussion. Liang Qichao introduced western culture and new literary concepts in literary theory, and initiated the innovation of various styles in modern times. Liang Qichao's calligraphy life has also made many achievements in literary creation.

Prose, poetry, novels, operas and translated literature all have works in the world, especially prose. Liang Qichao's writing style is called "new style" internationally. This "new style" with "counselor literature" as its style became the most popular and imitated style before the May 4th Movement, and it is still worth studying and studying. Liang Qichao wrote The Influence of Russian Revolution in 1905. The article begins with short and urgent words, such as the rupture of rocks, like the gushing of magma: "The lights went out, the gas ran out, the wharf stopped, the iron ore was cut, the wires were smashed, the railway was dug, the military factory burned, the newspaper office closed, the dagger appeared, the bomb cracked and the monarch escaped." In the play, the only autocratic country in the world must be in the Great Revolution! Then, it analyzes the causes, motives and policies, prospects and influences of the revolution. No wonder Hu Shi said, "Mr. Liang's article ... makes readers have to follow him and think with him!" "In terms of calligraphy art, Liang Qichao studied Ou Yangxun in his early years, and later studied Kang Youwei who wrote inscriptions in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.

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On young chinese's Theory of Modern National Competition and China's Future, Dedication and Happiness, China's Historical Research Methods, China's Academic History for Nearly 300 Years, Xinmin Shuo, China's Cultural History, Complete Works of Icehouse Owners, Biography of Li Hongzhang, Biography of Zeng Guofan, Collected Works of Icehouse, Selected Works of Liang Qichao and Supplement to China's Historical Research Methods. On the harm of the law of invariance: On the harm of ignorance of origin in reform: on the harm of ignorance of origin in reform: on the interests of society to state affairs; On China's weakness: On the transformation theory of monarch, government and citizen affairs: what should Hunan do: the origin of China's weakness (excerpt)-On the similarities and differences of the changes of national thoughts in the Constitution: On the preface of Western Bibliography: Advocating the establishment of girls' schools; Notes on the Opening of Hunan Current Affairs School (Excerpt); The difference between success or failure heroes and the present situation of literary world; Preface to the bibliography of western languages in ancient houses: quotations from nourishing the heart; Lectures on national rights and civil rights; Answers to questions from Hunan Current Affairs School (excerpt); I gave a speech on the past and future of Liang Rengong and British newspaper reporters' speech circle at China College.

A Study of Du Fu and Qu Yuan, Lovers of Human Rights and Feminism: A Collection of Farewell Letters from Southeast University to Wang He and Yan Youling to Kang Youwei (1900); Three letters to Sun Yat-sen (1902); Sun Yixian gave Kang Youwei (1912); 24 readings of Lu Fangweng's works. Say goodbye to the feelings expressed in the two biographies of Langtaosha and He Xinlang, the six gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898, and the dedication and joy of China.

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The statue of Liang Qichao (15) is one of the * * * of the Reform Movement of 1898, and it is a famous propagandist and agitator of bourgeois reformists in China at the turn of 19 and the 20th century. He advocated that the collection of taxes should be based on the principle of convenience, and the policy of light taxes and flat taxes should be implemented. At the same time, he opposed the traditional view of "fixing taxes for the people". It is pointed out that "Westerners use things necessary for people's birthdays, all of which are tax-free for the convenience of the people." China, on the other hand, took advantage of the people's urgency to levy again, such as salt policy. There are also westerners who are good at the law and have good intentions to facilitate the people. China regarded it as a plan to help the Tang Dynasty, but those who did it harassed him. Now the postal service and the like are also the same. "He suggested that we should follow the example of Britain to implement a unified tax policy, so as to facilitate the people and benefit the people and seek prosperity again. This view, which put economic development first and based on fiscal revenue, was of positive significance to the development of capitalist industry and commerce in China at that time. Liang Qichao believes that public debt is also a kind of tax, but the difference is that "tax is directly given to the present, and public debt is indirectly given to the future", "but we will analyze our obligations today, and some of them are reserved for our descendants Sun Yuner". However, he admits that public debt is of positive significance to economic construction, and that "taxes will be collected as soon as possible, and public debt will be used as much as possible", so he thinks that although public debt increases the burden on future generations, it is also beneficial to future generations.