Social conditions-the demand of the ruling class for talents

Realistic conditions-the appearance of characters and the development of culture

The characteristics of ancient school education are: relatively independent social activities, distinct class levels and conservative content.

(The "Six Arts" in China's ancient slavery period: the number of books shot by rites and music; European slave society

Military training in China and Sparta; Athens has always been regarded as the source of "elegant education";

China takes the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" as the main educational content, and western European missionary schools put "Seven"

Art "as the main content; Religious theology runs through all disciplines)

The organizational form is mainly individual teaching, and the teaching methods are mainly indoctrination and rote learning.

The symbolic function of education is dominant.

The germination of junior college education and vocational and technical education has not yet formed its own system (i.e.

The earliest college in China was Hongdu School in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the earliest in Western Europe was Hongdu School.

Xianqin School in Athens)

1, the characteristics of the development of ancient oriental civilization education;

(1) produced the earliest scientific knowledge, writing and school education;

(2) Education has a strong class nature and hierarchy;

(3) Education is rich in content, including intellectual education, moral education and religious education, which not only reflects the needs of the ruling class, but also reflects the needs of social progress and human development in many aspects;

(4) There are many types and forms of educational institutions, which help to meet the needs of different ruling classes, with strict hierarchy and strong adaptability;

(5) The teaching method is simple, corporal punishment is prevalent, individual teaching is carried out, and no formal teaching organization has been formed;

(6) Education often becomes the patent of the ruling class, and the status of teachers is higher;

(7) Civilization education is very old, but it has a long history.

2. Complement the educational characteristics of other ancient civilizations:

Education in Babylon-(1) Babylonian schools: court schools, temple schools, scribe schools (also known as clay tablet bookstores); (2) The teaching contents and methods of Babylonian schools: ① Temple school, the first level is primary education, which mainly teaches reading and writing; Another level is higher education. Besides reading and writing, they also study grammar, Sumerian literature and prayer literature. Teaching methods pay more attention to the relationship between mentor and apprentice; (2) Bookkeeper's education, teaching reading and writing in the first stage; The second stage is to assign students to the corresponding temples or higher institutions in the country for education;

Education in ancient Egypt-(1) Schools in ancient Egypt: Around 2500 BC, Egypt had its own schools; Including ① Palace School, ② Official School, ③ Monk School and ④ scribe school; (2) The contents and methods of school education in ancient Egypt: ① Pay attention to the cultivation of moral character; Practice writing; Practice rhetoric; Pay attention to mathematics and calculation; (2) giving priority to mechanical teaching; Teachers often use questions and answers, but do not pay attention to guiding students to think; Pay attention to corporal punishment;

Education in Ancient India-((1) Education in Brahman Period: As early as 2000 BC, four levels of Brahman, Khrushchev, Veda and sudra were gradually formed. The purpose of education is to maintain the caste system and cultivate religious consciousness. The teaching content is mainly Vedas. Only Brahmins, Khrushchev and Vishnu can receive education, but their education is 198 1- 1983 according to different levels. After the 8th century BC, a Brahmin school appeared in the family, called "Ancient Confucianism". The teaching content is mainly Vedas, and the common teaching method is corporal punishment. (2) Buddhist education: Buddhism in India was founded by Sakyamuni in the 6th century BC. Buddhism reformed education and advocated that education should be oriented to the common people. The main place of Buddhist education is the temple, and the purpose of education is to train monks. In addition to teaching, Buddhist temples also conduct certain academic research;