19 1 1 August 25th, Wu Yuanjia was born in a landlord's family in Guangping Province (now Guangping Province), and his ancestral home was in Anshe Village, Lishui County, Guangping Province. He is a countryman of Wu Tingyan, the puppet president of South Vietnam. Wu Yuanjia was educated in a school under French rule since he was a child.
From 65438 to 0926, Wu Yuanjia joined the New Vietnam Revolutionary Party, participated in the student movement against French colonial rule, and was expelled from school. Since then, he has become a "dangerous person" in the eyes of the French colonial authorities. 1930, the colonial authorities arrested him again and sent him back to his hometown for control. Soon after, Wu Yuanjia entered the history department of Hanoi University. While doing odd jobs to support his life and study, he is actively engaged in political activities. His academic performance has always been among the best, and he obtained a bachelor's degree in law. After graduation, I worked as a history teacher in middle school and a history teacher in Shenglong Middle School.
1936, under the impact of the international anti-fascist trend, France established a "democratic front" Coalition government with the participation of France and the socialist party. At that time, the French colonists in Vietnam had to implement a more democratic "open" policy, and Indian zhina people were allowed to conduct public activities.
1938, Wu Yuanjia joined Indian zhina. He and Long March, the editor-in-chief of Izvestia, the party's public publication at that time, wrote a book about Vietnamese farmers, which attracted the attention of the French colonial authorities.
1940, German fascist troops captured Paris and established a surrender government headed by Marshal Petain in France. The political situation in Indian zhina also began to deteriorate. The French colonial authorities used cruel means to suppress and kill people everywhere. Wu Yuanjia's original wife was also killed by the French colonial authorities because of her participation in * * *. Therefore, Wu Yuanjia was forced to flee to China to organize overseas Chinese to carry out revolutionary activities in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi together with Ho Chi Minh, Fan Wentong and Huang Wenhuan.
1941may, Wu Yuanjia was in charge of the military commission of the Vietnamese headquarters, whose main task was to build the armed forces and prepare to resist the French and Japanese aggression.
194 1 At the end of the year, Japan invaded Southeast Asia. February 22nd, 1944, 1944, responsible for organizing the "Propaganda Team of the Vietnamese People's Liberation Army". Three days later, Fick and Yinna won the first battle in Gaoping Province, and served as members of the Revolutionary Military Commission of Beiqi and commander-in-chief of the Vietnamese People's Liberation Army. It is reported that Ho Chi Minh appointed several Vietnamese revolutionary comrades (Feng Zhijian, Huang,) and so on. They received military training and engaged in armed struggle in China's Whampoa Military Academy, but they were killed by the enemy one after another. Later, they had to appoint this "scholar" to lead the troops.
Order Vietnam to resist France.
On August 5th, 19451after Japanese unconditional surrender, Wu Yuanjia and Ho Chi Minh entered Hanoi together. On the second day after Japan surrendered, the National Liberation Committee headed by Ho Chi Minh was established in zhina, India (in fact, it was a Vietnamese interim government) and decided to seize power from the Japanese aggressor troops and puppet government.
1September 2, 945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was formally established, with Ho Chi Minh as the chairman of the interim government, declaring Vietnam's independence, abolishing the Old Testament signed with France, and canceling all the privileges of France in Vietnam.
1945 In September, the British army and the Kuomintang army of China respectively entered the northern and southern parts of zhina, India, and accepted the Japanese surrender. The French army landed in Saigon on September 2 1 day, occupied Saigon on September 23, entered Hanoi on March 1946, and then moved to other parts of northern Vietnam to attack Laos and Cambodia.
1946 19 February 19, the French army launched a large-scale attack on Vietnam. After the outbreak of the Anti-French War, Wu Yuanjia was appointed Minister of National Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Army, as well as Commander-in-Chief of the National Army and the Militia Self-Defense Force. Wu Yuanjia commanded the anti-French war for seven years and eight months. 1950, Wu Yuanjia established a regular army consisting of four infantry divisions, with a total strength of 10000.
After winning the offensive campaign, in order to seize greater initiative, the Vietnamese army vigorously carried out mobile warfare, successively launched offensive campaigns in the middle reaches, Heping and Northwest China, and cooperated with the Lao People's Liberation Army to win the battle of Shangliao.
The China People's Liberation Army, which just experienced the civil war of the Vietnam Liberation War, selflessly provided all possible assistance. Under the planning of China, General Chen Geng, the famous commander of the China People's Liberation Army, even after he had just returned from the Korean battlefield and had no time to deal with the facial trauma caused by the US military napalm, he began to devote himself to helping the Vietnamese people fight against France. Then, General Wei Guoqing led more PLA instructors with equipment to come to support.
The Vietnamese revolution came back to life with the help of the Vietnamese people, and the military advisers of the China People's Liberation Army helped Wu Yuanjia to direct the border campaign and get through the Sino-Vietnamese border in one fell swoop. Subsequently, the People's Army entered China for rest, training, assembly and reorganization, and the rapid supply made the combat effectiveness of the People's Army qualitatively strengthened.
1953 to 12, with the direct help of China's military advisory group and the strong support of the people of China, the Vietnamese People's Army launched a strategic counterattack in northwest Vietnam and Xiyuan, and combined with the liberation of Laos and Cambodia, liberated middle and lower Laos and northeastern Cambodia, and opened a strategic communication line running through the north-south battlefield in zhina, India.
Vietnam's anti-French war lasted 7 years and 8 months, annihilated more than 6.5438+0.4 million French troops, liberated northern Vietnam and ended French colonial rule in Vietnam.
An order against the American army
1954, after Vietnam won the battle of Dien Bien Phu, France was forced to sign the Geneva Agreement, which liberated the northern part of Vietnam with the north latitude 17 degrees as the boundary. After the signing of the Geneva Armistice Agreement, the United States replaced the status of French colonialists, fostered the Wu Tingyan regime in South Vietnam, and attempted to control the whole Southeast Asia. 1960, the National Liberation Front of Southern Vietnam was established, and then the People's Liberation Armed Forces of Southern Vietnam was established by local guerrillas.
At that time, Wu Yuanjia told Italian reporters: "Thousands of people die every minute in the world, and one hundred, one thousand, ten thousand and tens of thousands of people die. For the sake of revolution and national unity, even if they are our compatriots, they are nothing. " His determination to resist America shocked the whole world.
1968, the United States had 540,000 troops on the battlefield in Vietnam. 1968, with the death of General Ruan Zhiqing, Wu Yuanjia began to plan the "Spring Offensive", which was originally formulated by China, but before informing China, the General Staff of the Vietnamese Army changed the plan beyond recognition. In fact, this revision is not good, and the final result is the same. The Vietnamese army paid a huge price and only won some minor strategic strongholds, although the South Vietnamese army and the United States were also hit hard.
More than 80,000 North Vietnamese troops and Viet Cong guerrillas launched large-scale strategic attacks on Saigon, Hue, 90 other towns and 50 other villages in South Vietnam. North Vietnam used armored troops for the first time in this attack Due to their excellent camouflage ability, these troops successfully completed long-distance maneuvers under the strict aerial reconnaissance of the US military. The US and South Vietnamese troops were initially stunned by the sudden attack, but they immediately organized and launched a counterattack.
Although the brave revolutionary heroism of the North Vietnamese regular army and the Viet Cong guerrillas prompted them to attack recklessly, the attack was helpless in the face of the enemy's powerful firepower. In the face of a tough battle with great disparity in strength, Wu Yuanjia wisely chose to retreat.
Public opinion generally believes that the Vietnamese army has won the "spring offensive", but the bodies of 60,000 North Vietnamese soldiers and less than 200 American soldiers in Hue tell the world that even a victory can only be regarded as a tragic victory. After the battle, both sides claimed to have caused great losses to each other. In fact, as attackers, the North Vietnamese regular army and the Viet Cong guerrillas gained little-almost none of their initial campaign goals were achieved.
1969165438+10 In October, the US Air Force bombed the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. 1in March, 972, Wu Yuanjia thought that the South Vietnamese army was no longer afraid, mobilized almost all the North Vietnamese military forces, and launched a larger "Easter offensive". However, under the strong naval and air superiority of the US military, the "Easter offensive" of North Vietnam ended in failure, with losses exceeding 654.38+10,000 people. Wu Yuanjia was also removed from office and was replaced by Wen Jinyong. The "Easter offensive" made the United States realize that war was impossible and began to decide to get rid of the quagmire for a long time.
The Battle of Ho Chi Minh, commanded by General Wen Jinyong, won a great victory. The news of the liberation of Saigon reached the headquarters in Hanoi-Wu Yuanjia ushered in the most exciting moment of his life. He later recalled: "The comrades of the General Staff Department embraced us and the soldiers present. We all cried (this is a precious moment in life). The longest war of this century is over. "
1973 65438+1On October 27th, the United States and Vietnam signed an armistice agreement, and the American troops began to withdraw completely. 1April 30, 975, the Vietnamese People's Army liberated Saigon. The scale of this all-round attack left a deep impression on Washington, which began to oppose a larger involvement in Vietnam. At the same time, the revolutionary struggle of the Vietnamese people made the United States lose its reputation worldwide, and the anti-war wave in the United States reached its peak.
Be ostracized by affinity
In 1960s, Wu Yuanjia visited the Soviet Union twice and was shocked by the modern mechanical strength of the Soviet Union. Back in Vietnam, he said that China's experience was out of date, and he would mainly engage in mechanization in the future, which made Ho Chi Minh very angry. In a rage, he arranged for Wu Yuanjia to "cultivate" for more than two years, until Wu Yuanjia admitted his mistake and expressed his loyalty to Ho Chi Minh.
From 65438 to 0969, after the death of Ho Chi Minh, Wu Yuanjia lost its biggest backer, and the power of the Vietnamese party, government and army was gradually controlled by the Li clique, and Li Du?n was a pro-Soviet and extremely anti-China person. After a series of political struggles, Du?n planted a large number of pro-Soviet forces in the Vietnamese party, government and army. However, with the support of generals such as Huang and Huang, the balance between pro-China and pro-Soviet was generally maintained.
However, after 1972, due to the failure of the "Easter offensive", Wu Yuanjia was actually relieved of military command and was replaced by Wen Jinyong. Since then, although Wu Yuanjia has been the Vietnamese Minister of Defence, his position in the army has actually been declining.
After being criticized by Ho Chi Minh, General Wu Yuanjia has always been wary of the Soviet Union and has always been critical of Du?n's complete fall to the Soviet Union. It turned out that Du?n and Wu Yuanjia had a good personal relationship, but from around 1974, there were problems between them. Later, after the reunification of Wu Yuanjia and Viet Nam in 1975, overseas Chinese began to be treated unfairly. This is very unfair and publicly accuses Du?n of being "too bossy".
1978 or so, the differences between China and Vietnam are getting more and more serious, and a crisis is just around the corner. Wu Yuanjia's proposal of "easing the contradiction with Comrade China" was once again criticized by Du?n, so General Wu Yuanjia was suspended as the Minister of National Defense and was represented by General Wen Jinyong. 1980, just after the Sino-Vietnamese war, relations dropped to freezing point. Du?n also attacked Wu Yuanjia again, removing him from the post of Secretary of the Military Commission for 30 years, and personally appointed Wen Jinyong as Minister of National Defense and First Deputy Secretary of the Military Commission. The following year, he appointed Mi as the Chief of General Staff (198 1) and the Standing Committee of the Military Commission, replacing General Huang, the general's political ally.
198 1 year, General Wu Yuanjia, who openly opposed Du?n's policy of invading Cambodia, was the only one in the Politburo who openly opposed Dun, and only General Wu Yuanjia had the courage to compete with Dun, and only he had the qualification. Later, General Wu Yuanjia said in public that the Vietnamese army had a "bleak future" in Cambodia, which was a great blow to the prestige of the Du?n's anti-China group, but Wu Yuanjia paid a greater price. 1982 was kicked out of the Politburo, leaving only the empty title of Deputy Prime Minister. It was not until 1986 that the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam retired and began political dormancy.
From 65438 to 0986, Dun, a diehard pro-Soviet, died, nguy?n· Wen Lin, a centrist, came to power, and the "pro-China faction" who had remained silent in the anti-China activities in Lai Du?n's began to come to power again, and Sino-Vietnamese relations began to show signs of easing. At that time, Wu Yuanjia, who was "like a duck to water", approached nguy?n· Wen Lin, then general secretary, and told him that he was willing to play a role in the restoration of Sino-Vietnamese relations.
From 65438 to 0990, as a representative of the Vietnamese government, Wu Yuanjia participated in the Asian Games held in Beijing. At the opening ceremony, Wu Yuanjia wore a military uniform with the rank of general, which left a deep impression on people. During his stay in Beijing, Wu Yuanjia met with Vietnamese officials and made great personal efforts to improve Sino-Vietnamese relations. In the second year, Sino-Vietnamese relations returned to normal.
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20 13 10 13 Vietnamese president Zhang Jinchuang, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam Ruan Fuzhong, Premier Ruan Jinyong and President nguyen sinh hung of the National Assembly held a funeral for General Ruan Fuzhong of Wu Yuanjia in Hanoi. Thousands of people stood by the roadside to bid farewell to Wu Yuanjia's body. Wu Yuanjia, the former founder of the Vietnamese party, government, army and people's army, was called "the tiger of Dien Bien Phu" and died on 20 1310.4 at the age of 102. He is respected in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh.