1868, the University of Illinois was founded as "Illinois Institute of Technology", and Gregory was invited as the administrator of this new school. He worked here for 13 years, which laid the foundation for it to become one of the largest and strongest state universities, and also made Dr. Gregory have an indisputable position in the history of American education. After leaving the University of Illinois, he worked for the American Civil Service Commission. However, the most important achievement in his life is still the organization and management of the University of Illinois. 1898 Before his death, he entrusted his family to let him sleep on the campus of the University of Illinois because he devoted too much effort there. People met his demands respectfully.
Dr Gregory's book Seven Laws of Education was first published in 1884. This book concisely expounds the important factors that dominate teaching skills, and it is especially suitable for Sunday school teachers as a teaching guide.
19 17, two scholars, William C. Bagley and Warren K. Layton, from the College of Education of the University of Illinois in the United States, made a centralized revision of this book, both of which were based on the purpose of "preserving the format and content of the original book as much as possible". 1954, Baker House reprinted the revised edition for the first time, and then reprinted it many times at the request of many parties, which was widely praised.
Although this book has some religious color, its practicality has gone far beyond the scope of missionary schools. The principles and rules mentioned in the book are worth remembering by all educators. As Clyde C. Price Jr said in 1994 when making this book into an electronic version, I recommend all educators to study this book.
From August 2065438 to August 2004, two young translators, Wang Zhen and Fan Zhaoming, who translated the Gutenberg Project, translated this book into Chinese.
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Let us observe a child carefully like the Lord, and perhaps we can learn what education is from him; Education, broadly speaking, includes all steps and processes, which can gradually turn a baby into a mature and intelligent adult.
Let's think about babies. He has a complete body, eyes, hands, feet and all the sensory organs, motor organs and motor organs, but he can only lie helpless in the cradle. He can laugh, cry and feel. He has the characteristics of an adult, but he has no adult ability.
What's the difference between a baby and an adult? He is a child. He can't use his weak body and limbs freely. He can't walk with his feet, or talk with his hands. His eyes can see things, but they cannot understand them. His ears heard the sound, but he couldn't understand it. Everything around him is full of unknowns and mysteries.
After more observation and research, we understand that a child is just a germ, and what kind of person he will grow up is not predestined; Also, he was born ignorant and could only learn all kinds of ideas the day after tomorrow.
Based on these two facts, there are two educational ideas: (1) developing ability; (2) gain experience. The former is to promote physical and mental maturity and let children gain all-round growth and strength; The latter is to arm him with the experience handed down by human beings.
These two facts-that is, children's naivety and ignorance-can be used as the basis of educational science. The former emphasizes human ability, the law of development, and the law of growth and action. The latter involves all branches of human knowledge and how this knowledge was discovered, developed and perfected. The two permeate each other, just as the study of productive forces inevitably involves product knowledge, and if we want to study the results, we must investigate the reasons.
Based on these two forms of educational science, we find that educational skills consist of two parts: training skills and teaching skills.
Because children are not mature enough to use all their abilities, the primary task of education is to cultivate children's all-round development, including physical, psychological and moral cultivation.
Because children are still ignorant, teaching them the way of the world is also the mission of education. This is the duty of teaching. From this perspective, the school is just one of the educational institutions, because we have been gaining experience all our lives. The primary goal of teaching is to stimulate students' love for learning and form the habit and concept of autonomous learning.
The combination of ability training and experience teaching constitutes the work of teachers. All organizational and management actions should be subject to this dual goal. The direction of our efforts is to shape adults with all-round development in morality, intelligence and body. These qualities are not only necessary to make your life meaningful and happy, but also enable you to continue to learn new things from your daily activities.
Although these two branches of educational technology-training and teaching-can be distinguished ideologically, they cannot be separated in practice. We can only train through teaching, and the teaching is complete when the training achieves the best effect. People's intelligence is properly trained in the process of acquiring, refining and applying knowledge and skills, which reflect people's heredity.
In any case, remember that these two educational processes can bring practical benefits. If teachers can clearly consider these, when students make real progress, they can observe them more easily and evaluate them more wisely. He will not be satisfied with boring daily training, making students learn mechanically like running on a treadmill, nor will he be satisfied with memorizing some useless facts and names. He will pay close attention to two aspects of students' education, so as to guide his efforts and adjust the curriculum wisely and skillfully, so that both educational processes are under control.
This two-sided view of educational science and technology provides a perspective, from which we may clearly see the real purpose of this little book. This goal is also reflected in the title-"Seven Laws of Education". The purpose of this book is to clarify the principles of teaching skills in a certain systematic order. It talks about several psychological abilities, because if we want to clearly discuss how to gain experience in the process of education, we must attach importance to these abilities.
The most obvious function of the classroom is to learn all kinds of knowledge, so the teaching work-assigning homework, explaining, listening to lectures and so on. -It mainly takes up the teacher's time and attention. Therefore, explaining the law of education seems to be the most direct and practical method to guide teachers' skills. This book provides the clearest and most practical advice on teachers' responsibilities, and also provides working methods that can guide teachers to win success. After learning the laws of education, teachers can easily master the philosophy of education.
This little book is not about the whole educational science, or even all the teaching skills. However, every real teaching example has seven elements and the main principles and rules of teaching skills. If this book successfully classifies these seven elements, people can see their natural order and relationship in the book, and they can be systematically studied and applied, then the author's wish will be realized.