(a) Building new schools

Westernization education is an important part of Westernization activities, which not only meets the needs of imperialism, but also meets the interests of Qing rulers. 1862, the Qing government opened the Shi Jing Wentong Museum in Beijing. This is a westernization school. Since then, Westernization schools have been opened continuously. Westernization schools established in the whole Westernization Movement can be roughly divided into three categories. The first category is dialect schools, that is, foreign language schools. The second category is military schools, and the third category is technical schools. The latter two categories can also be collectively referred to as military technical schools.

Comment on Wentong Museum:

Shi Jing Wentong Museum is the earliest government-run new school in China. Wentong Museum was founded as a foreign language school specializing in learning foreign languages. The students were thirteen or fourteen-year-olds selected from Manchu relatives. At first, there was the British Pavilion, and later, the French Pavilion and the Russian Pavilion were added.

Foreign language is the first course in Wentong Museum, and it will be added in the future. The education of Wentong Museum pays special attention to the cultivation of students' feudal moral habits, and the school management is controlled by foreign forces. The school funds were appropriated by the Customs and managed by Hurd of the Customs and Excise Department, and the power to manage the school gradually fell into the hands of foreigners.

The nature of children's literature museum:

Tongwenguan is both feudal and colonial, and it is the product of the combination of Qing government and foreign capitalism in education. The Tongwen Museum and a number of Westernization schools that appeared after it were the beginning of education in China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. It not only has a new form of running a school, but also adds a series of natural science courses after foreign schools have evolved into comprehensive schools. Science education has been formally incorporated into China's education system, and education has taken an important step forward.

(2) Education for studying abroad

In addition to running a school, Westernization School also created a precedent for overseas students at public expense in China. They sent many overseas students to Britain, France, the United States, Japan and other countries to study military, technical and natural sciences. In the study abroad activities, the most famous one is that Yung Wing led 120 young children to study in the United States.

The influence of westernization education;

Westernization education has a profound semi-colonial and semi-feudal social color, which is the beginning of semi-colonial and semi-feudal education in China. On the basis of not changing the foundation of feudal education, it is not effective to add some factors of western new education. However, judging from the evolution of education in China, Westernization Education established the first batch of new schools in China. Mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry and other "western learning" have been formally included in the teaching content; A group of the first batch of new intellectuals in modern times were trained. Westernization education plays an important role in the history of education development in China.

Second, the education reform during the Reform Movement of 1898

(1) abolish stereotyped writing and reform the imperial examination system. Emperor Guangxu's imperial edicts began from the next subject, and those who had obtained the age of children in each subject after having obtained the township examination and used the four books and five classics all tried strategies. In the examination of Jinshi, Juren and Scholar, the original eight-part essay was changed to strategy. In addition to the required examinations, there are also special courses in economics (law, finance, diplomacy, physics) to select talents for the New Deal.

(2) Set up Shi Jing Taitang in Beijing,

(3) Organize high schools, middle schools, primary schools and various specialized schools.

(4) Send people to study abroad.

(5) Establish a translation bureau and a compilation school to compile foreign textbooks and other books in the school.

Significance: From these reform measures, we can see that the reform of the education system is full of capitalist colors, which has had a great impact on feudal traditional education. These reform measures reflect the bourgeois reformists' desire to develop humanism, and their educational thoughts have been realized to a certain extent.