I. Informatization and Education Informatization
1. Six elements of educational informatization
What is information technology? Information technology is a technology that can expand the functions of human information organs, or information technology refers to a technology that can complete the functions of information acquisition, transmission, processing, regeneration and application.
What is informatization? First of all, informatization should aim at the acquisition, transmission, processing, regeneration and application of information in a certain industry, a certain field, a certain thing or a certain process (or collectively referred to as a system). Secondly, informatization should be a social process. In short, informatization is the process that people pursue or promote the utilization of information resources and the application of information technology in a system. Therefore, informatization includes the following four meanings: first, the understanding of the importance of information, taking information as the basic component, that is, information resources should be the core of informatization; Second, the wide application of information technology, that is, the use of information resources and the application of information technology are the purpose of informationization; Thirdly, information network is the basis of large-scale effective information transmission and one of the most representative features of modern information technology, so it is the basis of informationization; Fourthly, as a social process, informatization is influenced and restricted by people's ideas, ideals, will, skills, group interests, social organization structure and other factors. Therefore, informatization should have a corresponding guarantee mechanism.
To sum up, the informatization construction of a system should have some corresponding elements such as foundation, core, purpose and guarantee.
In fact, the former leading group of informatization in the State Council put forward the development idea of informatization in China based on the national conditions of China, which is similar to the above viewpoint. Including the definition of national informatization, the six elements of national informatization system, the guiding ideology and principles, objectives and main tasks of informatization construction. Among them, the definition of national informatization is: under the unified planning and organization of the country, modern information technology is applied to agriculture, industry, science and technology, national defense and social life, information resources are deeply developed and widely used, and the process of national modernization is accelerated. This definition contains four meanings: first, the realization of the four modernizations cannot be separated from informationization, which should serve the four modernizations; Second, the state should make unified planning and organize information construction; Third, modern information technology should be widely used in various fields, and information resources should be deeply developed and utilized; Fourthly, informatization is a process of continuous development. The six elements of the national information system are: information resources, information network, information technology application, information technology and industry, information talents, information policies, regulations and standards. The six elements are an organic whole, which constitutes a complete information system in line with China's national conditions. For the informatization construction of an industry, information network is the foundation, information resources are the core, the utilization of information resources and the application of information technology are the goals, and information talents, information technology industry and information policies, regulations and standards are the guarantees. As an industry informatization, educational informatization is no exception.
2. Education informatization is a social process.
Educational informatization refers to the process of comprehensively and deeply applying modern information technology to promote educational reform and development in the field of education, and the result will inevitably form a brand-new educational form.
What are the characteristics of educational informatization? We can examine it from the technical level and the educational level respectively. Technically, the basic characteristics of educational informatization are digitalization, networking, intelligence and multimedia. From the perspective of education, the basic characteristics of educational informatization are openness, sharing, interactivity and collaboration.
We regard education informatization as the process of pursuing informatization education. Information education has the remarkable characteristics of multimedia teaching materials, globalization of resources, individualization of teaching, autonomy of learning, cooperation of activities, automation of management and virtualization of environment.
Information education shows us a bright future of education. However, educational informatization is an adaptive social process, which means that there is a tendency of active interaction with the traditional educational environment, and its nature determines whether it can adapt well to the environment and how to adapt to it. Therefore, we must clearly realize that the application of information technology will not naturally create educational miracles, but may promote educational innovation and strengthen traditional education, because the social function of any technology depends on its users. If information technology is a powerful magic wand, then teachers are magicians who manipulate this magic wand.
With the change of educational facilities and teaching means, teaching methods and teaching models will also be innovated, and the change of educational model depends on the change of educational ideas and concepts first. In traditional teaching activities, teachers are the main body of teaching activities, and knowledge is imparted to students by teachers. The new teaching concept is that teachers are the guides and helpers of students' learning activities, and knowledge is independently constructed by students according to their own cognitive structure. This is a brand-new teaching concept, which is just suitable for guiding teaching and learning in the information technology environment. Therefore, educational informatization has not only brought innovation in educational ideas, educational means and teaching methods, but also brought changes in educational and teaching models, which is bound to be a revolutionary change.
However, it should be noted that any mode change has a price, and there is a price to pay. Therefore, the construction of educational informatization will not happen overnight, and it needs a long-term process. In this process, there will also be problems, such as the current application of information technology in education may not necessarily reduce the burden on teachers. We can't deny educational informatization just because we encounter some difficulties and problems in the process of educational informatization. Education informatization is to meet the requirements of the times, not for the individual requirements of any unit or individual. Therefore, we should clearly understand the development direction of educational informatization and correctly face the problems encountered in the process of educational informatization.
Second, the development of international education informatization
The accelerated development of modern information technology in 1990s has promoted the process of educational informatization in all countries of the world. As an important content and index of cross-century education reform, educational informatization has been brought into the new round of education reform plan by all countries in the world. Although different countries are faced with different levels of educational reform tasks and different connotations and extensions, from the macro background of the same global information age and the challenges faced by human society in the 2/kloc-0 century, there are some commonalities, which are mainly reflected in the characteristics and measures of educational reform in the process of educational informatization construction in various countries in the world today. For example, Japan's fifth and sixth generation computer access education network program, the European Union? Quot Eureka Plan ",ISW in the United States enters education," Virtual University "in South Korea and" Wisdom Island "in Singapore. These trends of world education reform with strong color of information age reflect the new characteristics of world education informatization in the information society characterized by knowledge economy to a certain extent, and all countries in the world have put forward new measures with their own characteristics. Educational informatization once became a fashionable word in contemporary educational reform, which greatly promoted the informatization process of educational reform in various countries.
1. the process of international education informatization
1. From the perspective of legislation and information policy, the teaching reform plan has some characteristics, such as bringing information technology education into the formal curriculum, increasing investment and developing ahead of schedule in the initial grade.
In Britain, 1998 passed legislation to stipulate that all primary and secondary schools should change all the original elective courses into compulsory courses, and formulated nine standards for the evaluation of information technology courses in middle schools. Of the education funds allocated by the state, the legal 6% must be used as the computer purchase fee earmarked by the school to ensure that 20% of primary and secondary schools in Britain can be connected to the Internet, of which 85% are middle schools and 5% are primary schools.
In his State of the Union address 1996, US President Bill Clinton pointed out that in 2000, 0/000% schools in the United States must be connected to the Internet, and suggested that Congress should pass legislation to make the United States the only country with "one person, one machine, one road, one network" from primary school to university. Clinton's move is aimed at preparing for the American education community to seize the new commanding heights of international education.
At the beginning of 1998, French Minister of Education Legre announced that France has formulated a three-year development plan for educational informatization, focusing on training corresponding informatization education teachers in the great development of educational informatization, focusing on the application of multimedia teaching and the improvement of microcomputer operation level, with the aim of giving full play to the efficiency of existing information equipment and raising the level of France from 32 junior high school students with two microcomputers and 12 senior high school students with one microcomputer to 65438+.
1On July 29th, 998, Japan Education Curriculum Review Council published a consultation report entitled "Basic Trend of Education Curriculum", which further clarified the operating rules of information education curriculum. Primary school and junior high school first; Every subject in senior high school should be taught by microcomputer. Elementary school? Quot In the class of "comprehensive study time", the current elective course of "Information Basis" will be changed into a compulsory course in junior high school by using computer and other information means appropriately. In addition, the Ministry of Education pointed out that during the period of 1994, the computer ownership rate of primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools reached 22, 42 and 42 respectively.
The Finnish government formulated the information society development strategy for 65438-0995, and listed "the ability of all citizens to master and use information technology" as one of the five major policies, aiming at "enabling every Finnish citizen to master the basic skills of the information society". According to the education authorities, starting from 1995, students who have received nine-year compulsory education must meet the skills standards of using computers and surfing the Internet.
1995 On May 3 1, the Korea Education Reform Commission formulated the plan of "Education Reform for Building a New Education System in the Era of Globalization and Informatization". South Korea's plan aims to emphasize that only by introducing modern high technology into education can South Korea enter the ranks of advanced countries in the future information society, and all this depends on increasing the decision-making power of national education informatization.