Yanchi County is located in the east of Ningxia, bordering Dingbian County of Shaanxi Province in the east, Huanxian County of Gansu Province in the south and Otog Qianqi of Inner Mongolia in the north. Since ancient times, it has been called "Xia Ling's elbow and armpit celebrate his chin and throat". The county is110km long from north to south and 66km wide from east to west, with a total area of 8661.3km2.. It belongs to the transition zone from Ordos platform to Loess Plateau, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north, with an average elevation of 1600 meters.
The county governs 4 townships and 4 towns 10 1 administrative villages, with a total population of162,000, including agricultural population of 13 10000, and more than 4,000 ethnic minorities dominated by Hui people. Cultivated land is 2 1.8 million mu, per capita 1.4 mu, of which irrigated land is 200,700 mu. The forest protection area is 3.58 million mu, and the desertification area has decreased from 5.39 million mu in 1983 to 2.395 million mu now.
economy
In 2003, the county's GDP was 565.438+0 billion yuan, up by 7.2%, including 65.438+0.77 billion yuan for the primary industry, 65.438+0.29 billion yuan for the secondary industry, 202 million yuan for the tertiary industry, 270 million yuan for the total industrial output value and 65.438+0.065438+for the added industrial value. The fiscal revenue is 30.82 million yuan; The whole society invested 530 million yuan in fixed assets; The per capita disposable income of urban residents is 5300 yuan; Per capita net income of farmers 1567 yuan. This year 1? In June, the county GDP2 was 210.70 billion yuan. Year-on-year growth of 17.5%, in which the primary industry completed 2.44110,000 yuan, the secondary industry completed 85.65 million yuan, and the tertiary industry completed10.07 million yuan: the total industrial output value was 210.3 million yuan, and the industrial added value was 72.56 million yuan; Fiscal revenue reached 23.85 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 35.6%; The per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 2702 yuan; The per capita income of farmers is 848 yuan.
natural resource
Yanchi county is rich in resources and has great development potential. There are more than 30 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines/kloc-0, especially licorice and Sophora alopecuroides, covering an area of more than 2 million mu and 3 million mu respectively. 1995 was named "the hometown of licorice in Urals, China".
Yanchi County is a concentrated producing area of Tan sheep in China and a key county of animal husbandry production in Ningxia. The average number of tan sheep has remained above 900,000. Tan sheep products such as Ermao and Tan sheep are well-known at home and abroad. In 2003, it was named "China Tandan Hometown".
There are many kinds of underground mineral resources, with large reserves, high quality and easy exploitation. At present, there are six kinds of mineral resources 16 with mining value, mainly including oil, natural gas, gypsum, dolomite and limestone, of which the proven reserves of oil are 40 million tons, coal is 7.2 billion tons, gypsum is 450 million tons, limestone1654.38+tons and dolomite is 320 million cubic meters.
In addition, Caragana korshinskii, Salix psammophila, honey, oilseeds, miscellaneous grains, melons and fruits are also abundant. In recent years, with the active efforts of Yanchi County Party Committee and government, an industrial system integrating magnesium smelting, biopharmaceuticals, cement and building materials, coal mining and petroleum development has been initially formed, but the overall development scale is small, and there are still many superior resources to be developed urgently.
plant
Yanchi county belongs to the transitional zone of Eurasia grassland, Central Asia subregion and Central China grassland in flora. There are 33 1 species of seed plants, belonging to 57 families and 22 1 genus, including 48 families and 23 1 species of wild Wan Wei and 28 families and 0/00 species of cultivated plants. Gramineae plants belong to 46 families and genera, accounting for13.9%; 39 species of Compositae, accounting for11.8%; 36 species of Leguminosae, accounting for 65438 00.9%; There are 24 species of Chenopodiaceae, accounting for 7.3%. There are 145 species in the above four families, accounting for 43.8% of the total plants. There are 10 families, including Cruciferae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae and Solanaceae. In 2000, the accumulated afforestation area was 2 million mu, and the forest coverage rate was 18.3%. Artificial grass planting of 230,000 mu.
Natural grassland is 6.898 million mu, accounting for 67.9% of the county's total area.
Grassland types in arid areas are mainly distributed in hilly areas in the south of the Loess Plateau, and the soil is mainly black ridge soil and eroded black ridge soil. Available grassland1537,000 mu, accounting for 22.3% of the grassland area in the county. The vegetation is sparse, mainly including Stipa grandis, Stipa elongata, Agropyron cristatum, White Grass, Alfalfa, Cattle Branch, Potentilla, Artemisia capillaris, Erigeron breviscapus, Aitaigouwa, Thrush, etc. The shady slope is humid, with many xerophytes, and the vegetation coverage rate is about 60%; The sunny slope is dry, and the vegetation coverage rate is about 40%. The average coverage of this kind of grassland is 45%, and the average annual yield of fresh grass per mu is 100Kg, of which 64K can be used, belonging to the second, third, sixth and seventh grade grassland, with medium productivity, about 14.2 mu can be raised 1 sheep.
The grassland of desert grassland is mainly distributed in the north of the hay ground line in the north-south watershed, and the soil is mainly calcareous soil. It covers an area of 2.432 million mu, accounting for 35.3% of the grassland area in the county. The main plants are Stipa breviflora, wheat seedling, Leymus chinensis, Cryptospermum, White Grass, Cattle Branch, Hairy Spindle of Cat's Head, Hairy Spindle of Cat's Ear, Seabuckthorn Bean, Chinese milk vetch, Sophora alopecuroides, silver convolvulus, various wilting vegetables, green bristlegrass, insects and small thrush. Due to indiscriminate reclamation and excavation, most grasslands are seriously desertification. Generally, the height of grass layer is 10~20cm, and the coverage rate is 35%~50%. The average coverage of grassland is 50%, and some are as high as 60%. The average yield per mu is 1 10 kg, of which 58 kg of fresh grass can be used. It belongs to the grasslands of Grade III, IV, VI and VII. About 15.7 mu 1 sheep.
Sandy vegetation grassland is the main part of grassland in Yanchi County, which is mainly distributed in the flat sandy land on the gentle slope in the north of Ordos, with fixed and mobile sand dunes and calcareous soil as the main soil. The area is 2.574 million mu, accounting for 37.3% of the total grassland area. The main plants are Artemisia selengensis, Sophora alopecuroides and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The yield of grass is high, the height of grass layer is more than 20cm, and the coverage rate is 30%~40%. The average yield per mu of fresh grass is 140Kg, of which 7 1Kg can be used. It belongs to Grade III, Grade V, Grade VI, Grade VII and Grade VIII grassland, with an area of about 12.9 mu, and maintains 1 sheep.
Halophyte grassland covers an area of 355,000 mu, accounting for 5. 1% of the total grassland area, which is mainly distributed in saline-alkali soil or slightly alkaline soil in the middle and north. Vegetation is dominated by super-xerophytes such as salt claw claw and Nitraria tangutorum. The height of grass layer is about 26cm, and the coverage rate is 40%. The average annual yield of fresh grass per mu is 150Kg, of which 72Kg can be used, which belongs to Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7 and Grade 8 grassland. About 12.8 mu can raise 1 sheep.
The grasslands in the county have been desertified and degraded to varying degrees. According to the statistics of relevant departments, in recent years, due to overgrazing, indiscriminate digging and licorice and other factors, desertification and degradation are about 6.5438+0.83 million mu every year.
According to incomplete statistics, there are 175 species of grassland plants in Yanchi county, belonging to 36 families, and only 103 species are effective in production, with few species and simple grassland structure. However, light and heat have relative advantages, and soil fertility is high, which is beneficial to the cultivation and improvement of natural grassland and the planting of artificial grassland. Among the grasslands in the county, arid grassland, desert grassland and sandy grassland account for 97. 1%. Although the yield of grass per mu is not high, most of them are excellent grasses that livestock like to eat, with rich dry matter and protein, high forage value and strong cold and drought resistance. Only 2.9% of saline vegetation grasslands such as salt claw and Nitraria tangutorum are of poor quality. 66 kilograms of fresh forage grass per mu,
There are 0/75 species of natural plants belonging to 36 families in Yanchi County. The most widely distributed plants are Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, among which 156 species are edible plants, accounting for 89%. It is mainly grassland species such as Miscanthus elongatum, Artemisia arenaria, Artemisia frigida, Cinnamomum cassia twig, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Mesona blume and thyme. Chrysanthemum grassland type, Artemisia microphylla grassland type, Caragana grassland type, of which 123 species accounted for 58.9% of the production, with good palatability and high feeding value; 72 species are poor (inferior), accounting for 4 1. 1%, and poisonous weeds 1 1 species, accounting for 6.3%.
develop
Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were nomadic places for ethnic minorities, which was called "the land of Rong Di" in history. During the Warring States Period, Qin established _ Salt County in Yanchi County, which was the beginning of the administrative system in Ningxia and Wushi County. After Qin Shihuang unified China, the county system was implemented, which belonged to the northern county. The Han Dynasty was the same as the Qin Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Yanchi belonged to Zhao Qian, Houzhao, Qianqin and Houqin. In 407 AD, Helian Bobo, the Xiongnu Iron and Blood Department, established Xia State, with Yanchi as its hinterland. After the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, Xi 'an County was established, and Yanchi was under its jurisdiction. The Western Wei Dynasty changed Xi 'an to Yanzhou. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yanchi belonged to Wuyuan County, Yanzhou. Wuyuan County was abandoned in Sui Dynasty, and Yanchuan County was changed, and Yanchi was under its jurisdiction. Yanchuan County was changed to Yanzhou in Tang Dynasty. Wenchi County in this period was located in Hui 'anbao, southwest of Yanchi County, which belonged to Lingzhou and Weizhou successively. Today, most of Yanchi County belongs to Wuyuan County in Yanzhou. After the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia, Yanzhou came under its jurisdiction. In Yuan Dynasty, Yanzhou was merged into Zhou Huan. In the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1443), the MCA Pool Camp was established in Yanchi today, and the MCA Chi Cheng (now Yanchi County) was built in Chenghua. In the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), it was changed to Mahuachi, and in the second year of Zheng De (1507), it was changed to Ningxia. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Fei Wei was renamed as Zhou County, and Ningxia Wei was renamed as Lingzhou Huamachi, which belonged to Shuofang Road (also known as Ningxia Road) in Gansu Province.
After the founding of the Republic of China, Huamachi was renamed Yanchi County in the second year of the Republic of China (19 13). At this time, Hui 'an, Yanji, Jining and Mengcheng Fortress, which were originally under the jurisdiction of Lingzhou, were also under the jurisdiction of Yanchi County. 1929 Ningxia province was established to administer Yanchi county. 1936, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants liberated Yanchi and established the regime of workers and peasants (also known as the Soviet Union). Soon, it was changed to an anti-Japanese democratic regime, which was subordinate to the trilateral division of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. At this time, the Kuomintang Ningxia Province set up Yanchi County Government in Hui 'an Fort, which had jurisdiction over Hui 'an Fort and Mengbao, which had been abandoned by the Red Army shortly after liberation, forming a situation in which two Yanchi counties coexisted. 1947, the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and Ma Hongkui of Ningxia sent troops to cooperate and occupied most of Yanchi County. Therefore, when the government of Yanchi County in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region moved to the pear garden in the southern mountainous area of the county, the government of Yanchi County in Ningxia also moved to Yanchi County. 1August, 949, the salt pond was recovered in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region (it was restored once before in1July, 947, and it retreated only one month later). Yanchi county government returned to the county seat from the mountainous area. In September, Ningxia was liberated, People's Republic of China (PRC) was established, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was abolished, and the coexistence of two Yanchi counties 13 years ended.
195 1 year Ningxia province was abolished and merged into Gansu province, and Yanchi county was subordinate to Hedong Hui Autonomous Region of Gansu province. 1955 Hedong Hui Autonomous Region was changed to Wuzhong Hui Autonomous Prefecture, and Yanchi County was subordinate to this state. 1958, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established, and Yanchi County is directly under the autonomous region. Yinnan District was established in 1972, and Yanchi County belongs to Yinnan District. 1998 Yin Nan was changed to prefecture-level Wuzhong.
After the establishment of Yanchi County, it governs 10 Fort. After that, the 10 battery was changed to four areas, and the first area governed the Xishui battery and the Tiezhuquan battery; The second area governs three castles and peripheral castles on the border; The third area governs Nanshuibao and Lisanbao (the above is Laoliubao); Fourth area governs Hui 'an, Yanji, Jining and Mengcheng. The four castles in fourth area are commonly known as the new four castles.
After 1936, the administrative divisions of Yanchi County were different. Yanchi county in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, divided into districts, townships and villages. At first, there were 4 districts and 22 townships, namely, 5 townships in the urban area, 5 townships in the northern area, 5 townships in the southern area and 7 townships in the western area. /kloc-in the summer of 0/937, Dingbian County divided the area under the jurisdiction of Yanchi when the Red Army was liberated into Jinggou, Erdaogou, Hongjingzi, Dashuikeng, Subaozi and Liyuanpan under the jurisdiction of the second district of Dingbian County, and Yanchi County established the fifth district to govern five towns and villages. At the same time, the original four districts were renamed as the first, second, third and fourth districts, and the residence of each district also changed. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/942, the first and second townships in the second district were transferred to the first district and merged into the sixth township in the first district; The fourth and seventh townships in the third district are designated as the first and second townships in the second district; The sixth township in the third district was changed to the fourth township in the third district. The original 5 districts and 27 townships were adjusted to 5 districts and 26 townships. 1947, after Ma Hongkui occupied Yanchi county, Yanchi county government moved to the southern mountainous area of the county (in the fifth district). 1948, the sixth, seventh and second townships were added to the fifth district.
During the period from 1936 to 1940 in Yanchi county of Kuomintang, it governed 2 townships and 7 provinces. One township has Hui 'an Fort, which governs four guarantees, one guarantees Hui 'an Fort, the other guarantees salt accumulation Fort, and the third and fourth guarantees are all in Jining Fort. The second township is located in Mengcheng, which governs three treasures, one treasure Mengcheng, two treasures cowhide ditch and three treasures. 1940 In Tongxin County, Xiamaguan, Weizhou and Hongchengshui were assigned to Yanchi County. At this time, three townships and eight insurance policies were added: three townships were located in Weizhou (under the jurisdiction of three insurance policies), four townships were located in Hongchengshui (under the jurisdiction of two insurance policies), and five townships were located in Xiamaguan (under the jurisdiction of three insurance policies). 1943, Hongqi Fort in Jinji County was placed under Yanchi and named Liuxiang (located in Guankou Bay, which governs 2 Fort). Up to now, it has governed 7 townships, 17. 1949, Ningxia was liberated, and the situation in Yanchi County ended, and Weizhou, Xiamaguan and Hongchengshui belonged to Tongxin County.
1In August, 949, Yanchi County in the border region resumed its occupied area, liberated Hui 'anbao and Mengcheng in Yanchi County, Ningxia, and immediately restored the people's political power of the original five districts and their townships, and built Hui 'anbao and Mengcheng into the sixth district, stationed in Anning Fort and governing four townships; So far, the unified Yanchi County has jurisdiction over 6 districts and 32 townships. 1952, Huangmashan established the seventh district, and most of the areas under its jurisdiction were set aside by the fifth district; The original jurisdiction of 32 townships was adjusted to 40 townships. 1955, the towns and villages in 7 districts were adjusted to 29 towns and villages; Chengguan Town was abolished and changed to Chengguan Town.
1958 people's communes were established. On the basis of establishing seven people's communes of Five Stars, National Day, Red Star, Brave, Spark, Pioneer and Yuejin, the original seven districts were abolished. Soon, the commune was renamed Suburb, Yu Zhuangzi, Wang, Houjiahe, Dashuikeng, Huianbao and Mahuangshan Commune. Suburban commune is located in the county town, and it has jurisdiction over seven brigades: Chengguan, Great Wall, Lijiagouyan, Liutangbao, Chenjiaquan, Octagonal Beam and Wangzhuangzi. Yu Zhuangzi Commune is located in Gaoshawo, which has five brigades, namely Gaoshawo, Hero Fort, Erbukeng, Subujing and Jijigou. Wang Commune is located in Hejiadun, which governs five brigades, namely Hejiadun, Shishanzi, Niumaojing, Sunjilou and Guantan. Houjiahe Commune, located in Houjiahe, has six brigades under its jurisdiction: Wuji Youfang, Taiping Temple, Houjiahe, Gufengzhuang, Baojichun and Si Liu Zhuang. Dashuikeng Commune is located in Dashuikeng, and has jurisdiction over 7 brigades, namely Dashuikeng, Wicker Well, Quanwanzi, Wu Jiale Yard, Hongjingzi, Mafang and Subaozi. Hui 'anbao Commune is located in Hui 'anbao, which governs six brigades, namely Hui 'anbao, Ye Er Zhuang, Jining Fort, Wolf Zhang Bu, Mengcheng and Yanjibao. Mahuangshan Commune is located in Mahuangshan, and has jurisdiction over seven brigades, namely Sunjishui, Shijiawan, Chenjiawa, Shaqiaoling, Zhaojiawan, Xiagaoyao and Mahuangshan.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/960, it was renamed Gaoshawo Commune in Zhuangzi Commune. 196 1 year, a part of the area was set aside from three communes, namely Houjiahe, Huianbao and Dashuikeng, and Ma 'erzhuang commune was added, which was stationed in Ma 'erzhuang and governed four brigades, namely Ma 'erzhuang, Laoyanchi, Fengjigou and Si 'Liu Zhuang. 1968, Houjiahe Commune was renamed Qingshan Commune.
1976, except Qingshan commune, the other seven communes are divided into two. Suburb commune is divided into Liuyangbao commune, Gaoshawo commune is divided into Subujing commune, Wanglejing commune is divided into Yaergou commune, Dashuikeng commune is divided into Hongjingzi commune, Maerzhuang commune is divided into Fengjigou commune, Huianbao commune is divided into Mengcheng commune, and Mahuangshan commune is divided into Houwa commune. The county governs 15 communes.
1984, commune system reform. Suburban communes were changed to suburban areas (under the jurisdiction of the Great Wall, Tianjizhang, Sidunzi, Gouyan and Octagonal Beam), and the remaining 14 communes were changed to townships. 1in March, 985, a part of Dashuikeng Township was set aside to form Dashuikeng Town. 1987 1, Dashuikeng Township was revoked and merged into Dashuikeng Town.
1September, 1988, the suburb and its five small towns were abolished and changed to suburban towns in Bauer; Up to now, the county has jurisdiction over two towns and suburbs, namely Chengguan and Dashuikeng, and Liuyang Fort, Qingshan, Gaoshawo, Subujing, Wanglejing, Yaergou, Hongjingzi, Maerzhuang, Fengjigou, Huianbao, Mengcheng, Mahuangshan and Houwa 14 townships. (* Source: Changes and Evolution of Modern Administrative Divisions in Ningxia, by Mao Feng, Ningxia People's Publishing House, 1 September 1998,1Edition, Yinchuan).
In 2000, Yanchi County governed 3 towns and 13 townships. Total population 153584 Population of each township: Chengguan Town 2 1536 Dashuikeng Town 267 14 Hui 'anbao Town1400 Suburb Township 13965 Liuyangbao Township 6393 Subujing Township 4342. 2 Wang Le Jingxiang 966467 Maerzhuang Township 4869 Qingshan Township 9048 Hongjingzi Township 6368 Mengcheng Township 7 165 Mahuangshan Town 6070 Houwa Township 4228 (according to the data of the fifth census; Unit: person)
In 2003, the administrative division of Yanchi County was adjusted from the original 13 township to 4 townships and 4 towns, that is, Huamachi Town was formed by the merger of Chengguan Town, Suburb Township, Liuyangbao Township and Chengxitan Diaozhuang. Merge Gaoshawo Township and Subujing Township to form Gaoshawo Town; Merge Dashuikeng Town and Hongjingzi Township to establish a new Dashuikeng Town; Merge Huianbao Town and Mengcheng Town to establish a new Huianbao Town; Merge Wanglejing Township and Yaergou Township to form a new Wanglejing Township; Merge Fengjigou Township and Maerzhuang Township to establish a new Fengjigou Township; Merge the grasshopper mountain township and Houwa township to form a new grasshopper mountain township; Qingshan township remains unchanged. The old Yanchi Village in Ma 'erzhuang Township is included in the newly established Huianbao Town, Li Zhuangzi Village in Yagouer Township is included in the newly established Gaoshawo Town, Gaoliwusu Village in Subujing Township is included in the newly established Huamachi Town, and Wangxingzhuang Village in Houwa Township is included in the newly established Dashuikeng Town. The adjusted township settings are as follows:
Huamachi Town: with a total area of 1029 square kilometers and a population of 44,762, it administers 15 village committees and 6 neighborhood committees, and the town government is located in the former suburban township government.
Dashuikeng Town: with a total area of 1227 square kilometers and a population of 2578 1, it administers 15 village committees and 2 neighborhood committees, and the town government is located in Dashuikeng Village.
Gaoshawo Town: with a total area of112 square kilometers and a population of 12 170, it governs 14 village committees, and the town government is located in Gaoshawo Village.
Hui 'anbao Town: with a total area of 1.050 square kilometers and a population of 2 1.259, it governs 1 village committees and 1 neighborhood committees, and the town government is located in Hui 'anbao Village.
Wanglejing Township: with a total area of 835 square kilometers and a population of 19367, it governs 13 village committees, and the township government is located in Wanglejing Village.
Fengjigou Township: With a total area of 727 square kilometers and a population of 9,540, it has jurisdiction over 8 village committees and the township government is located in Fengjigou Village.
Mahuangshan Town: with a total area of 600 square kilometers and a population of 1 1002, it governs 13 village committees, and the township government is located in the former Mahuangshan Village.
Qingshan Township: With a total area of 550 square kilometers and a population of 10948, it has jurisdiction over 8 village committees and the township government is located in Houjiahe Village.
202 1, 1, in 2020, the ranking of influential counties in rural revitalization communication was released, and Yanchi County ranked 256 th.
In 2002 1,1year1October, the Central Civilization Office confirmed the list of cities nominated by national civilized cities in the founding period of 20021-2023, and Yanchi County was on the list.
From June 5438 to February 2020, Yanchi County ranked 67th in the list of the top 100 demonstration counties and cities in China in 2020.
From June 5438 to June 20201October, Yanchi County was selected as the first batch of national digital village pilot areas.
In June 2020, Yanchi County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Fourth Army)).
20 19 12, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recommended Yanchi County as a typical county of rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China.
From 2065438 to March 2009, Yanchi County was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Shaanxi-Gansu area).
In 20 19, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recommended Yanchi County as the second batch of national rural entrepreneurial innovation typical counties.
20 18, 1 1, the list of the first batch of national innovative counties (cities) was announced, and Yanchi County was shortlisted.
2065438+In August 2008, Yanchi County won the honor of the fourth batch of advanced units in legal counties and cities in China.
In February of 20 17, Yanchi county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 16.
March 20 15, Yanchi county won the honor of the third batch of advanced units in the establishment of legal counties and cities in China.
201February, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development named Yanchi County as 20 1 1 National Garden County.