At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Yuan soldiers attacked the Song Dynasty, and the eunuch Dong said that he would move the capital, so people dared not discuss right and wrong. At dawn, he became the judge of Ningshui Division, and wrote "Begging, Concentrating." Free return without reporting.
In the ninth year of Xianchun, he was sentenced to Hunan because he saw the past. Wanli, who was so curious about the auspicious day of the ecliptic, said sadly, "I am old, but depending on the weather, personnel will change." I read a lot, so what is the responsibility of this world? " ? You can encourage it. "In ten years, I changed my understanding of Ganzhou.
At the beginning of Deyou, Jiang played an urgent report and wrote a letter to the diligent king of the world. Tianxiang held the imperial edict with tears, which made Chen Ji, the hero of Fa Zhou County, a savage in Xidong. Fang Xing called Jizhou soldiers, and the heroes responded. Thousands of people, when they heard about it, were called into the Guards in Jiangxi. His friend stopped him and said, "Today, the soldiers beat drums three times, which broke the efficiency of the country. You went with more than 10,000 yuan. What's the difference between herding sheep and killing tigers? " Tianxiang said, "I also know its hope. The first country has raised ministers for more than 300 years. Once there is an emergency, no one will enter the customs by car. I hate this. Therefore, if you don't chew too much, you are loyal to others. " Winners of justice seek to build a country, and many people contribute to it, so that the country can still be protected. "
In August, Tianxiang sent troops to Lin 'an, except Pingjiang Prefecture. Heaven said, "Song punished the chaos of the five seasons, cut towns and built counties and cities. Although it is enough to correct the shortcomings of the tail for a while, the country is also weak. Therefore, when the enemy forces arrive in a state, they will break a state, and when they arrive in a county, they will break a county, Lu Chen in the Central Plains. How can I regret it? Today, it is appropriate to divide the world into four towns and establish a governor to manage them. It was built in Changsha, Hunan in Guangxi, Longxing in Guangdong and Jiangxi in Guangdong. Fujian is beneficial to Jiangxi and built in Fanyang; It was built in Yangzhou for the benefit of Huaixi and Huaidong. Responsible for Changsha taking Hubei, Longxing taking Qiu and Huang, Fanyang taking Jiangdong and Yangzhou taking Huaibei, so that other powerful people can defend against the enemy. " Every day, we are eager to make progress, but we never flinch. We are working hard day and night, and our people's heroes are on the run, so it is not difficult for the enemy to do so. "When the theory of heaven and earth, the book is not reported.
In October, Tianxiang entered Pingjiang, and Dayuanbing sent Jinling to Changzhou. Tianxiang sent generals, Ma Shilong and Zhang to Yuqiao, where Ma Shilong died. Zhu Hua occupied five pastures with a great army and failed. The jade army also lost, fighting for water, holding the whole army in the same boat, and the whole army lost its fingers. They all drowned. Jed fought a midnight battle with 500 disabled soldiers, but not a single one. Without firing a shot, Dayuanbing broke Changzhou and entered the customs alone. Yi Zhong and Meng Yan told Tian Xiang to give up Pingjiang and defend Yuhang.
In the first month of next year, except Lin 'an Prefecture. A few days later, I would rather surrender, and Zhong Yi and Shi Jie will both leave. Besides Tang Tianxiang. Find suitable prime ministers and envoys of the Tang Dynasty, and ask them to make peace with the army and fight against Gaotingshan together with Dawan Prime Minister Bo Yan. Prime Minister Zuo, Prime Minister Yu Right, Privy Council experts Xie Tang, Xuan Weng, Liu Gang, signed the book, and went to Zhenjiang in the north. Tianxiang and his guest Du Hu 12 people died in Zhou Zhen that night. Miao went out to meet him again, crying with joy, saying, "Huai and Huai's soldiers can save lives, but the gap between them is too small to listen to each other." Tianxiang asked, "Will the plan come out?" Then Cheng said, "We agreed with the soldiers in Huaixi to build a healthy life, and they will do their best to defend our soldiers in the west. General Dong was commanded to attack the Bay Head with soldiers from Tong and Tai, attack the Yangtze River Bridge with soldiers from Gaoyou, Baoying and Huai 'an, attack Guabu with soldiers from Yang, and attack Zhenjiang with our boat division on the same day. Wantou and Yangziqiao are weak soldiers along the Yangtze River, looking forward to our division day and night to attack them. Attack Guabu on three sides together. I am thin on one side of the river. Although there are smart people, I can't work for them. "Now Guabu hands up, soldiers from the east will enter the entrance of Beijing, and soldiers from the west will enter Jinling. If he wants to go back to Zhejiang, his commander can take this seat. Heaven is good, that is, the book keeps two systems, and the four make a promise.
Before dawn, Yang said, "I sent a prime minister to say that I had surrendered." Tingzhang believed that Tianxiang was healthy. Make it urgent to kill it again. I couldn't bear it any longer, so I went out of Tianxiang Xiangcheng Base, worked as a secretary, and closed the door for a long time. After a long time, the two roads were sent back to the sky, and they fell when they said they would fall, and they killed when they said they would kill. The two roads were divided into Tianxiang language, and seeing their loyalty, they could not bear to kill them, and they were twenty people with the soldiers. Drums on all sides reached the city gate, and people who had heard of Houmen talked about it in succession. The production department ordered the prime minister to prepare the article, and the public looked after each other and spat out their tongues. That's the East China Sea route. If you meet soldiers, you will be prevented from being blocked by the ring. However, if you are hungry and you can't get up, you can get more soup from the firewood. Into the Banqiao, the soldiers arrived again, and everyone squatted in the grass, and the soldiers entered the rope and left, holding Du Hu and Jin Ying. Jasmine Zhang, the Marquis of Hou Yu, was shot in the eye. He was shot twice, but Tian Xiang occasionally didn't get it. Strong, gold and pawn should be lifted and exempted. Give two firewood, pay Tianxiang to Gaoyou and cross the sea to Wenzhou.
King Wen Yi didn't stand up, but suggested that he go in, check his bachelor's degree in the Confucian Temple, serve the students, call them blessed, and worship the correct prime minister. Want to disagree with Yi Zhong, hence with the viceroy out of Jiangxi, withdrawing troops into Tingzhou. In October, Zhao Shishang, a staff officer, was sent to discuss with Zhao to lead the army to Ningdu, and Wu Jun, a counselor, led the army. Xiao Mingzhe and Chen Dou came from Jiangxi to attend the meeting. Zou Feng called the envoys to gather troops in Ningdu, and Dayuan soldiers attacked them. Feng Bing was defeated, and Liu Qin, Ju Huashu, Yan and Yan Qiyan all died. Professor Luo Kaili of Wugang recovered from Yongfeng County, but he was defeated and died in prison. Tianxiang died when he heard the opening ceremony, and he surrendered the sadness of crying.
In the first month of the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty, Dayuan soldiers entered Tingzhou, Tianxiang moved to Zhangzhou and begged for surrender. When rewarded, Meng Xuan also called the soldiers back, and the soldiers were not alone. After a while, good luck came down. Tianxiang tied you up and killed you. In July, Zhang Bian, Zhao Shishang and Zhao were sent to build a thin army in Jiangxi. Zou Feng led soldiers from various counties in Jiangxi to attack Yongfeng, and Li Daiji led soldiers from various counties to attack Taihe. Jiba county is half, and Jiangxi can't go down. All counties in Lin Hong send money. Tan, Zhang Tang, Xiong Gui, Liu Douyuan, Wu, Chen Ziquan, arise in Shao, Yongjia and Fuzhou counties, and they should be auspicious when they arise. Heroes in Fenning, Wuning, Jianchang and other places all sent people as troops to bind them.
Jiangxi Xuanwei made Hengli send troops to Ganzhou, but he attacked the sky and prospered the country. Tian Xiang didn't expect the constant soldiers to come suddenly, but it was Zou Yongfeng who led them away. Feng Bing lost first, persistent pursuit of Tianxiang Fangshiling. Gong Xin refused to go to war, and the arrow was taken down and died. When he reached the empty pit, the sergeant collapsed, and Tianxiang's wife and children saw it. The soldiers asked who they were talking about, and they said, "My name is Wen." Everyone thinks that the sky is auspicious, the birds return, and the sky is escaping.
Tianxiang collected the beaten army, traveled all over the state and stationed in Nanling. Li Dagui surrendered, caught him and killed him. In March of the fifteenth year of Zhiyuan, he entered Lijiang Pu. In August, Tian Xiang was added as a guardian and believed in lord protector. There was an epidemic in the army and hundreds of soldiers died. Tianxiang's only son died with his mother. 1 1 month, entering Chaoyang county. 12 months, going to Nanling. Tian Xiang left Fan Wupo Ridge, and Zhang Hongfan's soldiers suddenly arrived. Tian Xiang fled hastily and was crowded to the front by thousands of troops. Tianxiang swallows the brain and never dies. Zou Feng was self-motivated, and many people helped him into Nanling to die. The officers and men who had to leave the empty pit were Liu Zijun, Chen, Xiao Mingzhe and Xiao Zi. Du Hu was arrested and worried about his death. Zhao, Zhang Tang, Xiong Gui, Wu, Chen Ziquan and other defeated troops were captured and all died.
Tianxiang arrived in Chaoyang and met Hong Fan who was determined to worship rather than worship. Hong Fan met him as a guest, followed him into Kuishan, and made him recruit Zhang Shijie as a book. Tianxiang said: "I can't defend my parents, but I teach people to rebel against their parents." Is that all right? " Realism is related to the poem Crossing Zero and Ding Yang written by the Academy. At its end, there is a cloud: "No one has died since ancient times, so keep your heart and shine on history!" " Hong Fan laughed it off. Kuishan broke, and sent messengers to escort Tianxiang to the capital.
Tianxiang was in the Tao, and if he didn't eat for eight days, he would die, but he would eat again. When he arrived in Yan State, the people in the museum provided Zhang with a lot of money. Tianxiang didn't sleep, so he sat in Dan, moved the military forces and soldiers to guard it. At that time, Emperor Sai-jo asked Nangong for more talents. Wang Jiweng said, "There are no people as lucky as heaven in the south." Then Pai Ji Weng sent a message, and Tianxiang said, "If the country dies, we will die together." Ji Weng wanted to unite with ten people, including Song Guan Xie Changyuan, and asked Tianxiang to become a monk, so he couldn't help dreaming. He said, "When Tianxiang comes out, I'll call Jiangnan again. Where can I put my ten people? " It's over. Tian Xiang stayed in Fan Yan for three years, knowing that Tian Xiang would never surrender. He discussed with the prime minister, but some people who talked about Tianxiang leaving Jiangxi failed to explain clearly.
In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty, a monk in Fujian said Shixing was a guilty emperor, and he was suspicious. Not long after, a madman in Zhongshan claimed to be "the Lord of the Song Dynasty", and thousands of soldiers wanted to take the title of Prime Minister Wen. There are also anonymous books in Beijing, saying that one day the reeds in the city will burn and the two wings will be in chaos, so the Prime Minister can have no worries. Thieves killed left Prime Minister Ahema, ordered him to retreat from the city and move to Kaiping, Yinggong and Song Imperial Family. Those who doubt the prime minister are lucky. Summoning the imperial edict, he said, "What's your wish?" Tianxiang said to him, "Tianxiang is the prime minister Song En, and An Shi is the second surname? One death is enough. " However, I still loathe to give up, so I returned it. The speaker strongly praised the love from the sky and followed it. I have a decree, Tianxiang is dead. Tianxiang was very calm when he was about to be executed, and said, "I'm finished." Nanshan worships death A few days later, his wife Ouyang received his body, which looked like a newborn, 47 years old. There is a compliment in his belt: "Confucius said he was benevolent, and Meng Yue took the advice, but his benevolence and righteousness were exhausted, so he was benevolent." What have you learned from reading sage books? Occasionally, you have a little conscience. "
Wen Tianxiang, whose name is Song Rui, is not bad. He is a lucky man. The figure is plump and magnificent, beautiful as jade, with fine eyes and looking around.
Wen Tianxiang (1236 ——1283)
Born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), Sun Yun was originally named Tianxiang. After Gong was selected, he changed to Tianxiang's famous saying. Bao You won the first prize in four years (1256), and was later renamed Song Rui and Wenshan. He has successively been a judge in Zhongshu, an official to the Navy, a Langguan in the Ministry of Punishment, a Langguan in Jiangxi, a Langguan in Shangshu, a Lingguan in Hunan and a Langguan in Ganzhou.
In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Song Gongdi (1275), due to the massive attack of the Yuan army, the defense line of the Yangtze River in Song Jun collapsed, and the imperial court ordered various places to organize military forces and soldiers to be loyal to him. Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his fortune as a military expense, recruited local heroes, and formed a rebel army of more than 10,000 people to go to Lin 'an. In Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and then ordered him to rescue Shangguan alone. Because of the fierce offensive of Yuan Army, Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, but failed to stop Yuan Army in the end.
In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin 'an, and civil and military officials fled. Empress Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and sent him out of the city to negotiate in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang arrived at the Yuan Army Camp, but was detained by Bo Yan. Seeing that the tide had run out, Empress Xie had to give up the city and surrender to the Yuan Army.
The Yuan Army occupied Lin 'an, but Huaihe River, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangxi were not completely controlled and occupied by the Yuan Army. So, Bo Yan tried to seduce Wen Tianxiang and use his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, so Bo Yan had to escort him to the north. In Zhenjiang, Wen Tianxiang ventured to escape. After many difficulties and obstacles, he arrived in Fuzhou on May 26th in the first year of Jingyan (1276) and was conquered by Zhao Duan of the Song Dynasty. Be appointed as the right prime minister.
Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic politics and disagreed with Chen, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty and set up a government in Nanjian House (now Nanping, Fujian) as the same governor, commanding the anti-Yuan. Soon, Wen Tianxiang successively moved to Tingzhou (now Changting, Fujian), Longyan, Zhangzhou, Meizhou and other places, making contact with the anti-Yuan rebels in various places and persisting in the struggle. In the summer of the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tianxiang led troops from Meizhou to attack Jiangxi. After Yidu (now Du Yu, Jiangxi Province) won a great victory, Ganzhou was heavily attacked and Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province) was attacked, and many counties were recovered successively. In Yuan Dynasty, Xuanwei of Jiangxi made Hengli launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, conquered the remnants and retreated to Zhou Xun (the old rule was in Longxi, Guangdong). In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that the Southern Song Dynasty was moving its capital to Korea? Shan, in order to get out of trouble, he asked to lead an army to meet with the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army back to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan Army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Zhang Hongfan, a general of the Yuan Army, on his way to Haifeng, and was defeated and captured.
Wen Tianxiang attempted suicide by taking poison and was taken to Zhang Hongfan? Shan, let him write to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said: "I can't even protect my parents. How can I teach others to betray their parents?" Zhang Hongfan didn't listen, and repeatedly forced Wen Tianxiang to write. Wen Tianxiang also copied a poem he wrote a few days ago, Crossing Ding Yang, to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read the sentence "Who has not died since ancient times, keeping the heart of Dan in history", and couldn't help but be moved, so he stopped persecuting Wen Tianxiang.
In the Southern Song Dynasty? After the mountain perished, Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu how to deal with Wen Tianxiang. Yuan Shizu said, "Who has no loyal minister?" Zhang Hongfan was ordered to be polite to Wen Tianxiang, and Wen Tianxiang was sent to Dadu (now Beijing), where he was placed under house arrest and determined to surrender to Wen Tianxiang.
First, Liu Qu, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, explained Wen Tianxiang's appearance and advised him to surrender. When Wen Tianxiang saw Liu's great anger, Liu had to leave angrily. Also let Zhao down, who dropped Yuan? Persuade surrender. Wen Tianxiang north knelt on the ground, crying, to zhao? He said, "Please come back!" Zhao? Nothing to say, angry. Yuan Shizu was furious and ordered to tie Wen Tianxiang's hands and put on a wooden cangue. Put him in a military cell. Wen Tianxiang stayed in prison for more than ten days before the jailer let him go: it was another half month before he took off his wooden yoke.
Kyle Polo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, personally held a trial to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the Privy Council Hall and stood proudly, bowing only to Kyle Poirot. Kyle Poirot called on Wen Tianxiang to kneel. Wen Tianxiang struggled to sit on the ground and never gave in. Kyle Poirot asked Wen Tianxiang, "What do you have to say now? Wen Tianxiang replied, "There are ups and downs in the world. The destruction and slaughter of the country have occurred throughout the ages. I am loyal to Song, and I only want to die early! " Marco flew into a rage and said, "Are you going to die? I won't let you die. I want to detain you! Wen Tianxiang was not afraid, saying, "I would rather die for justice than be imprisoned! 」
From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang and learned that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace and lived like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that her daughter's letter was a hint from Yuan Ting: as long as she surrendered, her family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang doesn't want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter, although his heart ached. In his letter to his sister, he said, "I am very sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears streamed down her face. 」
Prison life was hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. Immortal masterpieces such as the third volume of the Guide and Song of Justice were all written in prison.
In the 19th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (1282), the powerful minister Ahema was assassinated. Yuan Shizu ordered Ahema to lose his family fortune, investigated Ahema's sin, and appointed Heli Huosun as the right prime minister. Li and Hawthorne put forward the idea of governing the country by Confucianism, which was recognized by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the minister, "Who are the prime ministers of the South and the North? The ministers replied: "The northerners are like Lu Ye Chu Cai, and the southerners are like Wen Tianxiang." So, Yuan Shizu issued an order, intending to award Wen Tianxiang a high-ranking official. Some of Wen Tianxiang were demoted to Yuan's old friends, and immediately informed Wen Tianxiang about it and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. 1February 8th, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang is still bowing to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu didn't force him to kneel. He just said, "You've been here for a long time. If you can change your mind and be loyal to me in the Song Dynasty, I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province. Wen Tianxiang replied, "I am the Prime Minister of DaSong. The country is dead, and I just want to die quickly. It won't be long. " Yuan Shizu asked again, "What do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied: "Death is enough!" Yuan Shizu was so angry that he ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately.
The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Chai Shikou execution ground. The beheading officer asked, "What else does the Prime Minister have to say? Calling back will save you from death. " Wen Tianxiang shouted, "If you die, you die. What else can you say? " He asked the prison officer, "which side is the south?" Someone showed him the direction, and Wen Tianxiang bowed down to the south and said, "My business is over, and my heart is clear! "So the neck is punished, easy to die. After his death, he found a poem in his belt: "Confucius said benevolence, Mencius said righteousness, only its righteousness is exhausted, and benevolence is the best." "What did you learn from reading sages' books? Every now and then, I have no conscience. " Wen Tianxiang died at the age of 47.
Wen Tianxiang calmly died Ⅱ (from The History of Song Dynasty? Biography of Wen Tianxiang)
Wen Tianxiang was taken to Chaoyang and met Zhang Hongfan. Wen Tianxiang, the military commander of the Yuan Dynasty, bowed to his knees. Wen Tianxiang refused to surrender, and Zhang Hongfan received him as a guest. Wen Tianxiang entered Cliff Mountain with the Yuan Army, and Zhang Hongfan asked Wen Tianxiang to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said: "I can't defend my parents, but I am here to instigate others to betray their parents. Is it possible? " Zhang Hongfan still insisted on his submission. Wen Tianxiang then wrote his own "Crossing the Ocean" for him. There is such a sentence at the end of the poem: "No one has died since ancient times, so take care of yourself." Zhang Hongfan said wryly. The cliff mountain was breached by the Yuan army, and the Yuan army held a banquet to celebrate. Zhang Hongfan said: "The country is dead, and loyalty and filial piety have been exhausted. If you change your loyalty to the Southern Song Dynasty as Yuan Di, you will be given the post of Prime Minister. " Wen Tianxiang said with tears: "The country's demise can't be saved, and the death of courtiers is even more heinous. How dare you have two hearts like the crime of decapitation? " Zhang Hongfan admires his benevolence and righteousness. Zhang Hongfan sent someone to escort Wen Tianxiang to Beijing. Wen Tianxiang didn't eat for eight days on the way, but he didn't die. So he started eating again. When he arrived in Yanjing, the people in the guest house were very rich in hospitality and sacrifice. Wen Tianxiang didn't go to bed until dawn. Zhang Hongfan quickly took him to the Military Forces Division and sent soldiers to guard him. When Wen Tianxiang was executed, he was very calm and said to the escorted pawn, "My business is over." Dedicated to the south. A few days later, his wife Ouyang Shi went to collect the body. Wen Tianxiang's face is the same as when he was alive. Wen Tianxiang is forty years old, and there is a compliment in his belt: "Confucius teaches benevolence, Mencius teaches benevolence, and benevolence can only be realized by doing his best. I read the books of sages, but did I learn anything else? From now on, there will probably be no guilt about the teachings of saints and sages.