First of all, these four educational ideas have the following in common:
Their educational vision is to help and inspire children to realize all their potential in intelligence, creativity and society.
In the process of education, children are regarded as the creators of their own development, and their development process is natural, dynamic and self-directed.
-Among the three modes, family education and home-school contact are highly valued.
-Children's learning assessment is conducted in a non-test mode, but through observation and recording by teachers and parents.
Secondly, they also have many differences, including curriculum core and curriculum characteristics, which reflect rich differences.
Montessori education was founded by maria montessori, the first Italian woman doctor of medicine, in the early 20th century. The essence of its teaching method is that education should stimulate children's "inner vitality"? It is necessary to cultivate children's autonomous learning ability. In Montessori classroom, there are all kinds of teaching AIDS, which are all "toys" suitable for children's growth and are made according to the sensitive period of children's growth and development. Montessori's educational methods are mainly divided into daily life education, sensory education, mathematics education, language education, scientific and cultural education, emphasizing "teaching AIDS" teaching.
Advantages:
-Brand awareness is high, and the coverage rate of schools aged 0-6 in China is high.
-System teaching AIDS
-Sensory mathematics teaching AIDS have high recognition.
-There are three international certification training bases, and there are many domestic training channels.
Limitations:
-There is no perfect observation and evaluation system.
-High dependence on teaching AIDS is not conducive to the cultivation of creativity
-The major certification bodies in China do not recognize each other, and there is no uniform Montessori rating and evaluation standard.
Gao Zhan's teaching philosophy began with 1962- 1965 "Perry Preschool Education Research Program" of American government, led by child psychologist David Weikart. According to the research results, the United States subsequently launched a nationwide preschool education "starting plan" in 1965. As the main research achievement of Perry project, Gao Zhan curriculum system was founded by David Weikat on 1970 and managed by Gao Zhan Preschool Education Research Foundation.
Gao Zhan curriculum takes "active learning" as the core, and finally realizes the eight fields of children by creating an environment that can meet children's different game needs, a stable and flexible daily routine, an objective and comprehensive record of children's anecdotes, a professional and systematic child evaluation scale, and a teacher-child interaction strategy to promote children's growth. A set of perfect teaching mode and curriculum system, and 58 key experiences are fully developed. Through the infiltration of high-level courses, stimulate children's desire and ability to learn actively, and cultivate children's thinking habits of lifelong benefit.
Advantages:
-Scientific and complete evaluation tools for children's observation, teaching and management.
-Based on scientific research and experiments, we should be more objective in teaching operation and minimize the subjective influence of kindergarten teachers.
-Only one authorized agency in China is responsible for operation and promotion.
-teacher training resources are complete, and teacher certification authority is high.
Limitations:
-All kinds of certifications are time-sensitive.
-the requirements for teachers are higher.
Waldorf education system was founded by rudolf steiner according to his own anthropological theory. Waldorf education, in short, is a kind of holistic education which is people-oriented and pays attention to the comprehensive, healthy and harmonious development of body and mind. The system advocates setting the teaching content according to the development law of human consciousness and the growth stage of consciousness, so that the human body, life body, spiritual body and spiritual body can be properly developed.
Advantages:
-it doesn't need too many environmental settings, so it is naturally its classroom. Opposing psychological training also lightens teachers' tasks to some extent.
-Non-profit schools can get support from other Waldorf countries in the world.
Limitations:
-High demand for land
The contradiction between curriculum concept and life reality
It was founded and developed by psychologist loris Malaguzzi in Reggio Emilia after World War II. Its name comes from the name of Reggio. Reggio's education system is rooted in Italy's unique cultural and political background, and its thoughts come from three aspects: the progressive trend of thought in Europe and America, the psychological theory of Piaget and Vygotsky, and the left-wing political reform in Italy after the war.
Reggio's main teaching theory is constructivism based on Piaget, Vygotsky and Dewey's theory. The teacher did not prepare the syllabus and teaching plan in advance, and the course preparation was based on the children's interests and experiences. It pays attention to the relationship, that is, the relationship between people and things around them, and encourages educators to create opportunities for children to establish their own language and communicate with people or things around them.
Advantages:
-Artistic creativity of school environmental design; Real Home Building and Government Community Cooperation
-The free, open and respectful education mode conforms to the trend of historical development.
Limitations:
-difficult to operate.
-There is no systematic teacher training.
-No institutional support in China.
Although the concept and curriculum system of preschool education are complicated, what they have in common is to give children a complete and mature education, to help children develop and cultivate both physically and mentally during the enlightenment period, and to grow up smoothly as citizens of the world in the future.