The Vatican is a country with a religious leadership system. The head of the Vatican, the Pope, is elected by cardinals under the age of 80 in the papal election in the Sistine Chapel. His term of office can be life. Since the pope's term of office is life-long, after the death of the former pope, the election of the new pope was conducted cautiously. Although the Vatican has a national form, its existence is based on the beliefs of members all over the world, so its political system is different from that of ordinary countries. Its central organization includes: the Council of State, which is in charge of the administration of the Holy See and the affairs of the Pontifical Council, and is headed by the Minister of State. The current Secretary of State, Cardinal Tarsio Bertone, is Italian. The State Council consists of the General Affairs Department (responsible for internal affairs), the Foreign Affairs Department (responsible for foreign affairs) and nine sacred departments: the Ministry of Belief, the Oriental Church, the Ministry of Etiquette and Sacraments, the Ministry of canonization of saints, the Bishop Department, the Ministry of Evangelism of all ethnic groups, the Ministry of clergy, the Convening Department and the Ministry of Education. Courts: Holy Parole, Supreme Court and Holy Wheel Court. 1 1 Pontifical Council: lay Committee, Christian Solidarity Promotion Committee, Family Committee, Justice and Peace Committee, Unity Committee, Immigration and Tourism Committee, Medical Pastoral Committee, Code Interpretation Committee, Religious Consultative Committee, Culture Committee and Mass Communication Committee (most of the above institutions are headed by cardinals for a term of five years). There are other institutions: the Holy See Finance Bureau, the Holy See Property Management Bureau, the Holy See Economic Affairs Bureau, the Holy See Interior Management Office, the Holy See Etiquette Office and the committees responsible for specific affairs. In addition, the Pope has an Pontifical Council of Vatican City-States to manage the Vatican City-States. The Holy See is the official name used by the Pope and his advisers to issue instructions to Catholic churches all over the world. As the "central government" of the global Catholic Church, the Holy See enjoys the same status as a sovereign state, and can sign international treaties or join international organizations as a sovereign state. The Pope authorized the Bishops' Committee to be responsible for the daily affairs of the Vatican. The Vatican's legal system is based on the canon of the church. When the Catholic canon does not apply, Roman law is used. As a sovereign country, the Holy See can send diplomatic envoys (such as ministers and ambassadors of the Holy See) to other sovereign countries. ) you can also accept diplomatic envoys sent by other countries. However, due to the small size of the country, diplomatic envoys from other countries sent to the Vatican usually set up embassies in Rome. An interesting result of this is that the Italian Embassy in the Holy See is located in Italy. The Holy See has formal diplomatic relations with 174 countries and regions, and has permanent observers in the United Nations. The basic foreign policy is religious and humane, not political, and has nothing to do with economy, trade and military affairs. The Holy See advocates establishing diplomatic relations with all countries in the world in order to enhance its international status and influence and protect the religious freedom of Catholics in all countries. Therefore, its basic foreign policy is not to break off relations with any country that has diplomatic relations.