During the Republic of China, with the introduction of western pre-school education ideas, the two educational system reforms attached importance to women's education and included pre-school education, so that pre-school education institutions were formally included in the education system, and pre-school education developed greatly compared with the late Qing Dynasty. For example, according to the investigation of relevant departments, there are only two kindergartens in 19 1 1, and there are18 kindergartens in18. At the same time, a number of preschool education institutions have sprung up in Beijing and many large and medium-sized cities.
After the establishment of Nanjing National Government, the first national education conference in 1928 passed seven "childish education cases" put forward by Tao Xingzhi and Chen Heqin. Among them, the case of setting up kindergartens in experimental primary schools in various provinces, cities and counties stipulates that experimental primary schools must set up kindergartens from that year. 1932, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Primary School Organization Law, which stipulated that "a primary school can establish a naive country". All these strongly promoted the development of preschool education at that time. By 1936, the number of kindergarten and kindergarten students reached 1283 respectively, with about 80,000 students. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, preschool education in China suffered heavy losses. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, preschool education in China quickly resumed. 1947 The number of kindergarten and infant students has exceeded the highest level before the war, which is 130 1 respectively, with about130,000 students. The most famous kindergartens in the Republic of China are Nanjing Gulou Kindergarten founded by Chen Heqin on 1923 and Nanjing Yanzifan Kindergarten founded by Tao Xingzhi on 1927.
During the Republic of China, there were also institutions specializing in training kindergarten teachers and baby nurses and institutions specializing in early childhood education. For example, Beijing Women's Normal University has a nanny workshop in 19 16; Zhang Chun founded a kindergarten in Nantong. Suzhou Jinghai Women's Normal School 19 16, with kindergarten teachers' department attached. The most famous one is the National Naive Normal School. The school was formerly known as Jiangxi Experimental Preschool Normal School founded by Chen Heqin in 1940. Later, it was renamed as National Preschool Normal School in 1943, and a Preschool Normal College was added. It was the earliest national preschool normal school in China and the only one established separately in the Republic of China. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it moved to Shanghai and was upgraded to a national naive teachers' college, so it was the only national naive teachers' college in the Republic of China. In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of early childhood education, Chen Heqin and Tao Xingzhi initiated and organized the "Early Childhood Education Research Association" on 1927, and expanded it into the China Children's Education Society on 1929. With the general goal of studying children's education, promoting children's welfare and advocating teachers' professionalization, he devoted himself to the discussion and exchange of China's preschool education theory and the promotion of kindergartens, and published publications such as Naive Education and Children's Education.