First, the embryonic stage of pedagogy. From the early days of slave society, it has experienced three or four thousand years in China. Representative works include The Analects of Confucius and Xue Ji, among which Xue Ji is not only the earliest educational work in China but also in the world. Representative works of ancient western educational thoughts include Plato's Republic and quintilian's Principles of Eloquence, among which the Principles of Eloquence is called the first book to study teaching methods. Aristotle first put forward the view that education should adapt to children's age. ?

Second, the independent stage of pedagogy. Since17th century, English philosopher Bacon divided pedagogy into an independent discipline for the first time in 1623. The representative figures and works of this period mainly include: The Great Teaching Theory by Czech educator Comenius, which is generally considered as a sign that pedagogy has become an independent discipline; German educator Herbart's General Pedagogy is regarded by western scholars? Science pedagogy? A sign of formation; American pragmatism educator Dewey's Democracy and Education, etc. ?

Third, the scientific stage of pedagogy. Since19th century, the birth of Marxism has made pedagogy based on scientific world outlook and methodology. The representative figures and works in this period mainly include On Communist Education by Soviet educator Gary Ning, Educational Poetry by makarenko and Pedagogy by Kailov, as well as China educators Cai Yuanpei, Tao Xingzhi and Yang Xianjiang. Among them, Yang Xianjiang's "New Education Outline" is the earliest educational work written from the viewpoint of Marxism in China. Since World War II, American educator Bruner has published "Educational Process" and Soviet educator zankov has published "Teaching and Development". In addition, famous educators include Genhein, Lungrande, Suhomlinski, Bloom, etc.