1. Oral administration may occasionally cause gastrointestinal irritation, such as nausea, vomiting, throat discomfort, chest pain (esophageal irritation), abdominal pain, diarrhea, and even peptic ulcer and bleeding. It is more likely to occur in patients with fasting, high dose and original gastrointestinal diseases. 2. Hyperkalemia. It is easy to occur when the application is excessive or the original renal function is damaged. It is characterized by weakness, fatigue, numbness of hands, feet and lips, unexplained anxiety, confusion, dyspnea, slow heart rate, arrhythmia, conduction block and even cardiac arrest. The electrocardiogram showed a high and sharp T wave, and the P-R interval was gradually prolonged. P wave disappears, QRS wave widens and sine wave appears. Once hyperkalemia occurs, it should be treated immediately. (1) Stop supplementing potassium immediately and avoid using potassium-containing diet, drugs and diuretics. (2) Intravenous infusion of high concentration glucose injection and insulin promotes K+ to enter cells, and 10%~25% glucose injection is 300~500ml per hour. Every 20g of glucose 10 unit of conventional insulin. (3) In case of metabolic acidosis, 5% sodium bicarbonate injection should be used immediately, and 1 1.2% sodium lactate injection can be used for patients without acidosis, especially those with widened QRS wave. (4) Calcium antagonizes the cardiotoxicity of potassium ion. When the ECG shows P wave loss, QRS wave broadening and arrhythmia, and digitalis drugs are not used, 10% calcium gluconate injection 10ml can be given intravenously for 2 minutes, and can be used repeatedly at intervals of 2 minutes if necessary. (5) Oral potassium-lowering resin can block the absorption of K+ in intestine and promote the excretion of K+ in intestine. (6) Severe hyperkalemia with renal failure. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is feasible, and hemodialysis is effective and fast to remove K+. (7) Apply loop diuretics and supplement normal saline when necessary.
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Hyperkalemia; Patients with less urine and urinary incontinence.