According to the person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, the integration of production and education and the cooperation between schools and enterprises are the basic modes of running vocational education, the inherent requirements of cultivating high-quality workers and technical and skilled personnel, and the key to running vocational education well. At the end of 20 17, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Deepening the Integration of Industry and Education". The Opinions pay more attention to the integration of production and education, and the Measures pay more attention to school-enterprise cooperation. The two documents together form a policy "combination boxing" to implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress in the field of vocational education.
At present, more than 400 vocational education groups have been established nationwide, covering 90% of higher vocational schools and 70% of secondary vocational schools, attracting about 30,000 enterprises to participate. However, there are also some problems in school-enterprise cooperation, such as low enthusiasm, low participation, "one head is hot" and "two skins". To this end, the "Measures" clarify that vocational schools and enterprises can, according to the needs of the job market, cooperate to set up majors and formulate professional standards, develop curriculum systems, teaching standards, teaching materials and teaching AIDS, carry out professional construction, set up majors in vocational schools, and formulate training programs and curriculum standards, and should fully listen to the opinions of cooperative enterprises. The education department should support school-enterprise cooperation to set up new majors to meet the demand of the job market. At the same time, vocational schools are required to recruit representatives of enterprises with close and stable cooperative relations to join the board of directors and participate in the deliberation of major issues of the school.
In view of the teachers who are most needed for school-enterprise cooperation, the Measures propose that vocational schools should take the participation in school-enterprise cooperation as the content of teacher performance appraisal, and professional teachers with relevant enterprise or production and operation management experience should be given priority under the same conditions as job (title) evaluation and promotion, evaluation and commendation.
At the same time, with the consent of the school or enterprise, if the teachers and managers of vocational schools, enterprise managers and technicians work part-time in the enterprise or vocational school respectively according to the cooperation agreement, their wages and benefits can be determined according to the relevant regulations and the agreement between the two parties. Vocational schools, teachers and students with intellectual property rights, such as technology development and product design, can buy shares in enterprises at a fixed price according to laws and regulations. Vocational schools and enterprises enjoy the autonomy in the use, disposal and revenue management of jointly developed patents and products according to the agreement between the two parties.
The Measures also stipulate that the reasonable expenses actually incurred by enterprises in accepting student internships and the expenses incurred by enterprises in employee education shall be deducted when calculating taxable income according to law.
According to the person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education will focus on serving "Made in China 2025", select about 10 provinces, 100 cities and 1000 demonstration vocational schools (vocational education groups) and enterprises according to the regional development strategy and industrial layout, and study, formulate and start the implementation of "100,000" production.