A few days ago, the Ministry of Education issued "Several Opinions on Deepening the Teaching Reform of Vocational Education and Comprehensively Improving the Quality of Personnel Training", and the person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education answered the reporter's questions on relevant issues.
Q: What is the background and significance of the Opinions?
A: In recent years, China's vocational education has developed rapidly, and it has basically possessed the ability to train high-quality laborers and technical and skilled personnel on a large scale, which has made important contributions to the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society. At the same time, however, some higher vocational colleges still have some problems, such as unclear training orientation, relatively backward concepts, weak students' cultural foundation, weak ability of sustainable development, and the teaching mode and curriculum textbook system can not meet the development needs well, which seriously affects the rapid and healthy development of modern vocational education.
* In the important instructions on vocational education, it is emphasized that "efforts should be made to improve the quality of personnel training". Premier Li Keqiang pointed out in his important instructions to the first "Vocational Education Activity Week" that we should "stick to the direction of improving quality, promoting employment and developing services". Vice Premier Liu Yandong has repeatedly stressed that vocational education should "adhere to the connotative development with quality as the core" and "strive to improve the quality of personnel training". In the Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Modern Vocational Education, there are special arrangements for "improving the quality of personnel training".
Therefore, it is of great significance to adapt to the new requirements of economic and social development on the level, specification, knowledge and ability of technical and skilled personnel, and take improving the quality of personnel training as the core task of developing modern vocational education, so as to accelerate the construction of modern vocational education system and provide important technical and skilled personnel support for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Q: What are the main contents of the Opinions?
A: The Opinions consist of 8 parts and 26 articles. The first part is the general requirements, which defines the guiding ideology and basic principles for deepening the teaching reform of vocational education and comprehensively improving the quality of personnel training. The second to seventh parts are the key tasks and policy measures. Put forward six specific policies and measures to implement the basic tasks of Lide Shu Ren. The eighth part puts forward specific requirements for education administrative departments at all levels and vocational colleges to implement the Opinions.
Q: What are the general requirements of the Opinions for deepening the teaching reform of vocational education and comprehensively improving the quality of personnel training?
A: The Opinions emphasize that we should fully implement the Party's educational policy, follow the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, take moral education as the foundation, take service development as the purpose, take employment promotion as the guidance, and stick to the connotative development path. It is necessary to adapt to the new normal of economic development and the needs of the growth of technical and skilled personnel, improve the mechanism of integration of production and education and collaborative education, innovate the talent training mode, build a teaching standard system, and improve the teaching quality management and guarantee system. The Opinions specifically pointed out that it is necessary to focus on enhancing students' employment and entrepreneurial ability, strengthen ideological and moral education, humanistic quality education and technical skills training, and comprehensively improve the quality of personnel training. At the same time, the opinions also put forward the basic principles of adhering to moral education, all-round development, systematic training, diversification of talents, integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, combination of work and study, integration of knowledge and practice, international cooperation and open innovation.
Q: Can you elaborate on the key tasks and policy measures put forward in the Opinions?
A: As mentioned earlier, the Opinions put forward specific policy measures from six aspects. The first is to implement the fundamental task of Lide Shu Ren. The Opinions emphasize that moral education should be put in the first place, basic cultural education should be strengthened, and the proportion of Chinese excellent traditional culture in relevant courses should be increased. It is necessary to form a normalized and long-term professional spirit cultivation mechanism.
The second is to improve the professional structure and layout. The opinion puts forward that we should actively develop related majors around the requirements of "internet plus Action" and "Made in China 2025" to adapt to the development of new technologies, new models and new formats. Closely connect with national strategies such as the "Belt and Road", the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and build a professional group that meets the needs, has distinctive characteristics and remarkable benefits. Focus on building a number of national and provincial demonstration professional points that can play a leading role in radiation.
The third is to improve the level of systematic training. The Opinions require all localities and vocational colleges to actively and steadily promote the convergence of talent training in secondary and higher vocational colleges and scientifically determine the majors suitable for convergence training. Make overall arrangements for the development of public basic courses, professional courses and post practice of connecting majors in secondary and higher vocational schools.
The fourth is to promote the deep integration of production and education. The opinion puts forward that it is necessary to deepen the cooperation between schools and enterprises to educate people and give full play to the important main role of enterprises. Improve the industry guidance system of vocational education and enhance the industry guidance ability. Promote professional teaching to keep up with technological progress and production practice, and effectively carry out practical teaching. Increase the support and guarantee for students' innovative and entrepreneurial practice activities.
Fifth, strengthen the standardized management of teaching. The Opinions clarify that it is necessary to improve the teaching standard system and actively develop professional teaching standards and curriculum standards that are in line with the international advanced level. Adhere to and improve the system of patrolling classes and attending lectures, and strictly manage teaching discipline and classroom discipline. Improve the management system of textbook construction.
Sixth, improve the teaching guarantee mechanism. The Opinions emphasize that it is necessary to strengthen teacher training and train a group of "coach-type" teaching teachers and professional leaders. Improve teachers' information teaching ability.
Q: After the promulgation of the Opinions, how will they be implemented?
A: In June 5438+February last year, the Ministry of Education held a video conference to comprehensively improve the quality of vocational education personnel training. The meeting asked all localities and vocational colleges to establish the awareness of quality education and quality education. In the next step, the Ministry of Education will focus on the following tasks: First, strengthen publicity and guidance. Publicize the contents of the document in various ways, organize experts to interpret the spirit of the document, and publicize typical experience cases of vocational education and teaching reform. The second is to refine the division of tasks. All localities are required to formulate specific implementation plans in light of local conditions. The third is to strengthen supervision and implementation. (Reporter Zhao)