Scientific research projects, that is, a series of unique, complex and interrelated activities to carry out scientific and technological research, have clear goals or objectives and must be completed within a specific time, budget and resource limit. Project parameters include project scope, quality, cost, time, resources, etc.
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The funds for vertical scientific research projects come from superior departments and project authorities. Vertical scientific research projects (projects) refer to scientific research projects (projects) publicly announced by governments at all levels and their functional departments, various fund committees and various academic groups, and approved by teaching and scientific research personnel (including bidding) organized by scientific research institutes.
In other words, vertical scientific research projects refer to all kinds of scientific research projects approved by government scientific research departments such as Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Social Science Planning Office, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Social Science Planning Office, Guangdong Education Department and Zhanjiang Science and Technology Bureau.