After years of historical development, the theoretical system of contemporary pedagogy has become rich and colorful. It is not easy for students to master the educational theory with certain practical significance in a short time, and it is necessary to rationally adjust the inherent complex system structure of pedagogy. Herbart realized the difference between educational theory and application when he founded the pedagogy system. He divided pedagogy into three parts: the foundation of pedagogy, general pedagogy (methodology) and educational skills (special aspects of pedagogy). After Herbart, Ryan divided pedagogy into two parts: historical pedagogy and systematic pedagogy, and divided basic pedagogy and practical pedagogy into two branches, obviously dividing applied pedagogy into practical pedagogy, but at the same time acknowledging that it belongs to theoretical pedagogy. Therefore, in the teaching process, we should integrate the important contents of education and teaching theory in the new period into an interrelated whole by combining the new curriculum concept and the new concept of talents advocated by the new curriculum, such as the influencing conditions of school education on students' development, teachers' quality concept, students' (talent) concept, the change of teaching methods and means, the cultivation of teaching skills, the methods of education and the methods of class teachers' education work, so as to enable students to master educational skills and develop correct educational concepts and good educational behaviors. Then, the new theoretical structure of pedagogy will become a successful beginning for normal students to master educational theory, and make students move towards well-organized educational theory and action practice in the complex jungle of educational theory.
Second, grasp the "five characteristics" in the teaching process to stimulate students' interest in learning educational theory.
Education is rooted in society and has formed a unique law of activities. The educational process has obvious characteristics of philosophy, sociality, inquiry, reality and life. In these characteristics, we can find that educational theory is not unfathomable and far from reality in students' imagination, but a theory that can be explored and grasped to enhance learning motivation.
1. Grasp the philosophical essence of educational theory, and form and improve students' educational thoughts and philosophy in thinking.
Educational theory should emphasize the importance of teaching methods. "Send mermaid only for a meal; Teach people to fish and enjoy it for life. " This is an easy-to-understand philosophy. The educational principles handed down from many ancient books are still worth learning by educators today. Such as "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous", "erudite, faithful, thoughtful, discerning ……", "reviewing the past and learning new things can be a teacher", and so on.
Another feature of philosophy is that it embodies the speculative nature of educational theory, and can also profoundly inspire students to think: "Learning to be a teacher is an example", which shows the importance of the integration of teaching by example and teaching by example, and the requirement of "teaching by example" is not only a moral requirement for teachers, but also a means for teachers to educate students.
For example, "it takes ten years to plant trees, but it takes a hundred years to educate people", "learning by doing" and "seeking progress by doing". The conclusions of these educators have played an indelible educational value for thousands of years.
Another example is the "barrel effect" that people often say-it makes it clear that students' quality should be developed in an all-round way, moral education is the first, and moral quality plays a key role. The "barrel effect" is highly speculative, which reveals that the value of talents depends on the most lacking moral level. For another example, the rich knowledge of educational theory that we can feel in our daily life will be accumulated in the long-term education and teaching practice, and become teachers' lifelong education thoughts, shining with wisdom and humanity.
2. Looking for the sociality of educational theory.
The formation and development of educational theory has a certain epitome of social life. For example, family education should implement the principle of encouragement: "It is better to win an award than to win an award." For example, Confucius put forward that "there is no class in teaching"; The ideas of "quality education" and "exam-oriented education" in modern education, as well as Dewey's "child-centered theory". Another example is "teaching must follow the principle of ability"-where is the "strength" of students? What will happen if it exceeds the students' ability (including tolerance)? According to the principle of "doing what you can", why should schools reduce their burdens? How to reduce the burden on students? How do teachers carry forward democracy? Wait a minute.
Students often ask this question: Our education serves the purpose of social education. Is there a contradiction between the ideal pursuit of education and the demand of social reality? For example, in teaching, we make students think: What is the significance of Dewey's proposal about the roots and reality of educational democracy?
Through learning, it is not difficult to find that students lack a deep understanding of the root analysis of educational theory. In fact, "Dewey's democratic society thought has absorbed the essence of these thoughts extensively, but it also has some lessons." He doesn't want a utopian hierarchical society or a Rousseau-style pure humanization of nature. Instead, he wants to find a point of convergence and balance between the natural development of human nature and social needs. A society based on benefit sharing, mutual communication and win-win cooperation among members of society, in which people's sense of identity is weakened. People can no longer obtain social wealth by status, but obtain personal interests by ability and contribution standards. Being able to communicate and cooperate with each other in this society is an alliance based on equality and voluntariness, not an artificially constructed collective. "In this way, it is easy to deeply understand the dual goal of education to cultivate people's individuality and commonness.
Combined with the "balanced development of education" that we advocate now, urban and rural children can get a fair discussion from the starting point, think deeply about the value and trend of educational development, and further clarify the responsibilities and missions of teachers.
3. Deeply discuss the hot topics of education and social development, and strengthen the exploration of educational theory.
Pedagogy class must put forward valuable educational problems. Such as "the reform of college entrance examination and the way of educational evaluation" and "Is educational equity the starting point?" And so on.
The task of pedagogy classroom should first stimulate students to think deeply, establish problem consciousness, stimulate students' interest in educational-social issues, and then master educational theory well and play its practical role. For example, let students discuss a topic that requires extensive theoretical knowledge and practical experience in life: the difference between exam-oriented education and quality education? How to reduce the burden on students? Should the college entrance examination be cancelled? How to reform the college entrance examination system? Why do you say "education is a science and an art"? These problems can link the knowledge and life of books and organically integrate the knowledge structure of books into a knowledge network.
4. Highlight the reality and life of educational theory to solve problems, and let normal students enter the society and education.
For example, why do teachers want to be teachers? What is the role of teachers in human development? How to strengthen students' ideological and moral education in the network age. Wait a minute. We take the following measures in the classroom of educational theory:
One is to promote students to understand the value of education through historical case materials-education serves the progress of social civilization. For example, provide students with case materials that deeply understand the social mission of teachers.
After World War II, a survivor who escaped from a Nazi concentration camp became the principal of a middle school. Whenever a new teacher comes to school, he will give the teacher a letter. The letter wrote:
"Dear teacher, I am a survivor of a concentration camp. I saw with my own eyes what humans shouldn't have seen: the gas chamber was built by engineers with expertise; The child was poisoned by a knowledgeable doctor; Young children are killed by trained nurses; Women and babies were shot by people with high school or college education. Seeing all this, I wonder: What is education for? My request is: please help students become people. Your efforts should not be used to create knowledgeable monsters, versatile perverts and highly educated butchers. The ability to read, write and calculate is valuable. "