Is Li Qingzhao happy or unhappy?
Li Qingzhao (1084— 1 155), Yi 'an layman. Father Li is an official of the Ministry of Rites and one of the "four bachelors after Sumen". My mother, Wang Jue's granddaughter, is also good at writing in The History of Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and received a good education. Husband Zhao Mingcheng, an expert in epigraphy, is deeply in love with his wife and harmoniously plays the piano and harp. Li Qingzhao wrote seventy or eighty works in his life, but he kept pace with Du Fu and Li Bai. And it is called: pronoun clan. 1987, named after its crater named Mercury. How lucky!
But if we really go into the second half of Li Qingzhao's life, we will find that all the splendor is just the light and shadow that has passed away in a hurry. All the glory, love, honor and disgrace are paid to the secret of "wanting to talk back"
"On the Phoenix Stage, I remember playing the flute": the fragrance is cold and golden, and when it is red, I get up and comb my hair. Ren Bao is full of dust, curtain hook. I'm afraid I'll worry and hate it, but I don't want to say it. New arrivals are thin, not dry wine, not sad autumn. ? Take a rest. If you go back, you will find it difficult to stay in Yangguan for thousands of times. Read Wu Lingren, smoke locks Qin Lou. Only the running water in front of the building should remember me and stare at me all day. Looking at the place, I have added new worries since then.
This word was written by Li Qingzhao in Qingzhou. Because of the party struggle, the husband and wife returned to Qingzhou on 1 107, and began to live as a fairy couple for ten years. It is fun to spend every day with ancient inscriptions, gambling books and splashing tea. "Preface to the Inscription" records: "Every time you get a book, you must collate it together and sign the complete works. Get a book, draw a picture, get an easy job, get a job, also play with books, criticize defects, and be a candle at night. ..... Every meal, sitting back to make tea, refers to the accumulation of book history, saying that something is in a book, a book, which page, which line, regardless of winning or losing, is a tea drinking order. Hold up a cup and laugh until the tea turns over, but you can't drink it. I want to be homesick forever. ..... list a few cases, borrow pillows, be interested, and be happy. "
Why do such like-minded and loving couples add a lot of new troubles now? Why is Li Qingzhao, who has always been bold and unrestrained, so uninterested?
The incense is cold, the quilt is messy, the makeup is not complete, the dust is full, and it is late in the morning, so I have no intention to clean up. Li Qingzhao is full of sadness and sorrow. She wanted to get it off her chest with her husband, but the words came to her lips and she swallowed them back. What can't you say? The poet looked at himself so thin in the mirror with deep affection and pointedly pointed out that it was neither "sick wine" nor "sad autumn". Why did she lose weight?
Youming Road was compiled by Wu Lingren. During the Han Dynasty, Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao went to Tianmu Mountain to collect herbs. They met two fairies and were invited to live with them for more than half a year. When I got home, I found my seventh grandson. Qin Lou, also known as Fenglou, is said to be a piper and Feng Ming in Shaw History during the Spring and Autumn Period. Qin Mugong betrothed his daughter Nong Yu to him. One day, Shaw History blew his flute and a phoenix flew in. They rode away on the Phoenix. The two allusions vaguely point out the problems of the two.
In the third year of Song Huizong Xuanhe (1 12 1), Zhao Mingcheng, aged 4 1, went to Laizhou, Shandong Province to be a satrap. But Zhao Mingcheng didn't bring Qingzhao this time, but left Qingzhao alone in Qingzhou. At that time, Zhao Mingcheng already had a "rooftop encounter". Supposedly, concubinage in ancient times was not something that could not be said, but Li Qingzhao was so frightened that it was obvious that there had been a great rift between them emotionally. Zhao Qingzhao, who has entered middle age, has never had children, which is a very important and unspeakable worry.
Zhai Gannian, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said in The History of Shu that Zhao Mingcheng has a rich collection of cultural relics, but "there is no son to keep his legacy, so it is better to sigh every time". The Book of Songs was written in the twelfth year of Shaoxing, and Li Qingzhao was alive. Zhao Jun was childless, born in Southern Song Dynasty, and was born in Shi Liren. This book was written on the main road of Song Xiaozong twelve years after Li Qingzhao's death.
In the feudal society of "there are three unfilial, and there is no big after", Li Qingzhao suffered a lot of pressure. Zhao Mingcheng has concubines and no offspring. It can be seen that childlessness should not be the cause of Li Qingzhao, but at that time, who would argue for women? With the growth of age, Zhao Mingcheng's inner loss, Li Qingzhao's inner anxiety can be imagined.
Later, at the urging of her family, Li Qingzhao went to Laizhou to visit Zhao Mingcheng. But Zhao Mingcheng indulged in officialdom entertainment all day, and his lifelong hobby was put aside. Li Qingzhao, who was left out in the cold, wrote Feeling to express her dissatisfaction: there is little book history in the cold window and the road is poor. Qingzhou engages in Kong Fangxiong, always making trouble. Poetry refused to close the door, saying it was a good idea to have a quiet night. I am a silent best friend, and Teacher Wu is a child.
Li Qingzhao is a person who doesn't care about money, food and clothing. There is evidence in the preface of the Story of the Stone. Why are you so dissatisfied with the cold windows and empty rooms at this time? The reason lies in the mentality. In the past, like-minded, loving and sweet couples had nothing to say, and they were inseparable.
Laizhou three years, Zhao Mingcheng went to Zizhou office. I was overjoyed to get the Shurangama Sutra written by Bai Juyi, and flew home to enjoy it with my wife. Their feelings are slowly recovering, but the good times are not long, and greater disasters are gradually coming.
1 127 years, 8 Jin Army went south, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor in Nanking, known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history.
When the war broke out, people were all running for their lives. "When they heard that gold was guilty, they looked around blankly, their chests were overflowing, and their feelings were disappointed, knowing that it would not be their own business" (Preface to the Story of the Stone). Li Qingzhao and his wife know that stones are difficult to preserve, not only stones, but also their future.
Because Zhao Mingcheng's mother Guo died in Jiangning, Zhao Mingcheng is in mourning. Two people together transported the stone to the south of the Yangtze River. So we parted ways. Zhao Mingcheng attended the funeral, and Li Qingzhao returned to Qingzhou's former residence to clean up the stone collection. But there are so many cultural relics, how to transport them. "You can't have everything, but you have to go to the major printed versions of the book first, then draw a lot of pictures, and go to Bo Gu without knowledge. Later, I went to the librarian, the ordinary painter, the important one. " "Repeatedly subtract, there are fifteen books." What a boring selection and screening process. How strong their love for stone carvings is, no cultural relics have witnessed their love time. However, there are finished eggs under the nest, so we can only abandon them in the face of chaos.
In December, Qingzhou mutiny, more than ten houses were reduced to ashes. Li Qingzhao desperately rescued a cultural relic-Cai Xiang's Zhao Shen Miao Tie, which was bought in Tokyo at that time and cost 200,000 yuan. When Li Qingzhao met a robber on the road, she always clung to the copybook and escaped the robbery. Zhao Mingcheng described this process in the postscript of the post. Very thrilling!
Anyway, in the first month of the second year of Jianjian (1 128), Li Qingzhao, then 46, came to Jinling to reunite with her husband. A few days later, Zhao Mingcheng became the magistrate of Jiangning.
But misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River can't kill Qingzhao's homesickness. She hoped that the imperial court would take back her old place and China. He wrote poems such as "The south of Wang Dao is in rags, but the news from the north owes Liu Kun" and "It's too cold for the south to come to Wujiang, and it's too sad for the north". However, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial court lost his mind in the hometown of Wen Liang, who sold the golden nest, and died at leisure.
While Li Qingzhao was deeply concerned about state affairs and hoped to return to the north, Zhao Mingcheng did a very disgraceful thing.
In the third year of Jianjian (1 129), in February, I heard that some soldiers rebelled. Ignoring the responsibility of Jiangning magistrate, they took several men to climb ladders and hang ropes at night and escaped.
Zhao Mingcheng was dismissed from office, but Li Qingzhao had no choice but to follow. On the way to escape, Li Qingzhao wrote a shocking poem: "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost." I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. "("summer quatrains ") I wonder what Zhao Mingcheng's expression will be when he hears such a poem?
Just as Zhao Mingcheng was ashamed and regretful, the imperial court let bygones be bygones and appointed him as Huzhou Zhizhou. Tears welled up in Zhao Mingcheng's eyes, and the flying horse looked like a saint. But unexpectedly, she was infected with malaria on the way, and her life was dying because of improper treatment. Ten days later, Zhao Mingcheng died at the age of 49.
As you can imagine, Li Qingzhao lost her husband in middle age and had no children and daughters, so she had to take care of everything herself. In deep sorrow, Li Qingzhao wrote "Ode to the Lake Zhaohu", leaving only one sentence: "The sun is in the sky, sighing for Pang Weng's opportunity. The city is self-defeating, and the woman's sorrow is deep. " Sigh Zhao Mingcheng left too early, leaving her alone. In these two poems, we see Li Qingzhao's deep pain. Although she was disgusted with Zhao Mingcheng's night escape, Zhao Mingcheng's later actions showed his intentions. In any case, in Li Qingzhao's view, Zhao Mingcheng can be called "a strong city of the country" and her "a strong city of home". Without Zhao Mingcheng, where should Li Qingzhao go?
The word "Lonely Goose" describes Li Qingzhao's pain after her husband's death: the paper tent on the rattan bed rises to sleep, and there are endless words and no good ideas. The agarwood is intermittent and the jade furnace is cold, which brings my feelings like water. The flute sounded three times, the plum blossom was broken, and the spring was full. ? The small wind dispersed the rain and rustled, but it also urged a thousand tears. Bagpipers go to Yulou, heartbroken people lean on it. A 10% discount is worth a lot of money, and no one gives it.
The first sentence pointed out the pain of widowhood. No matter how ignorant the people in the room were, they were only accompanied by intermittent cigarettes and jade stoves after the cigarettes were cut off. Sad inside, bitter inside. In the silence, a flute broke the poet's reverie. Seeing the drizzle outside the window, I couldn't help crying. Looking back on the feeling of searching for poetry through the snow in those days, how can we not be disappointed? Now I want to fold plum blossom into a poem as a gift, and I can't do it anymore.
Tang Yuanzhen once wrote a poem: it is difficult to die in the sea, and amber will last forever. Did Li Qingzhao think of anything else at that time? Twenty-eight years of husband and wife, yin and yang are separated. Despite differences and some unhappiness, Li Qingzhao didn't realize the value of a bosom friend until the Sri Lankan left. Who can bet books and pour tea with her and share the joy of stones in the future?
However, the change of the current situation does not allow Li Qingzhao to have too much nostalgia. 8 jin j south again, Zhao Gou and his ministers fled again. Next, Li Qingzhao will face a more painful life course.
Li Qingzhao is 46 years old and has no husband or son. In the feudal era of "no father, no husband, no son", Li Qingzhao was helpless. As for the cultural relics left by her husband, "two thousands of books, two thousand volumes of golden stone carvings, utensils and wormwood plates can accommodate hundreds of guests", she had to find a way out.
She thought of Zhao Mingcheng's brother-in-law, Li Zhuo, who was an assistant minister of the Ministry of War at that time. In Hongzhou, she transported the cultural relics to Hongzhou. I didn't expect Hongzhou to fall soon, and countless stones were reduced to ashes. Helpless, Li Qingzhao decided to take some "suddenly left alone" cultural relics to her brother Li Yu. At that time, Li Wei was appointed as the imperial edict bureau, and was a follower of the emperor. Li Qingzhao decided to follow the emperor, and wherever the emperor went, she followed him.
Who knows that at this time, it was falsely called "Jade Pot Giving Gold". It turns out that when Zhao Mingcheng was seriously ill, a scholar named Zhang Feiqing once asked Zhao Mingcheng to tell the truth about a jade pot. Zhao Mingcheng is an expert in epigraphy, and it is very common to help people distinguish the true from the false. Unexpectedly, Zhao Mingcheng was falsely accused of giving a jade pot to a gold man, betraying the country and seeking glory. "Too scared to speak, I dare not do it myself" (Preface to the Inscription). In order to prove her innocence, Li Qingzhao decided to hand over all her precious cultural relics to the court. But it is not easy to justify the emperor. Song Gaozong was a frightened bird at that time.
How fast did Gao Zong escape? From Jiankang to Zhenjiang, there was no stop, and then to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing). Soon, he arrived in Mingzhou (now Ningbo). Before breathing, he took a boat to Zhoushan Island, then to Taizhou and then to Wenzhou. Qing Zhao is tired of catching up and often misses. In desperation, some cultural relics were sent to Shengzhou, but they disappeared because of the war. In the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Li Qingzhao returned to Lin 'an from Yue Zhong and stayed with a family named Zhong Yi in Huiji. Cultural relics were stolen at night.
The burning of the war, the urging of the iron hoof, the constant fear, the sad world and the people in a hurry constitute a shocking map of refugees.
Li Qingzhao's "Qing Ping Le" wrote about the situation at that time: "In the snow every year, plum blossoms are often drunk. Later, although the effect was in hand, I was not in a good mood to enjoy it. I could only rub it at will, but I got tears on my clothes. ? I lived in a remote place when the plum blossoms were in bloom this year, and my ears were short and thin. Seeing that the wind is late depends on the plum blossoms. "
Li Qingzhao loved Mei all her life and wrote many works all her life. However, in this word, it shows the weight of unintentional appreciation of plums. When I was a girl, I walked through the snow to enjoy plum blossoms. "I often get drunk with plum blossoms." Now that May is in hand, she has no intention of reading. Just casually rubbing, the result is "full of clothes and tears." Looking back on what happened in the past year, how can you not hurt people by running away from home, wandering around and suffering? Nowadays, my hair is sparse, my temples are gray and gaunt, and I have no intention of enjoying plum blossoms in the wind. Besides, "the wind is late", how long can Mei endure in the rain? This refers not only to the storms of nature, but also to the political situation and national conditions at that time. I'm afraid that the arrogant and cold plum blossom can't stand this night's devastating wind and rain. What about the people in the storm?
Old country, old land, old friends and old things left her one by one, and everything in the past was stripped from her one by one, leaving only her worse health and more and more gloomy mood.
Life and death are uncertain, and the road ahead is unpredictable.
In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), in the spring and March, Li Qingzhao fell ill, very ill, even to the point of "cattle and ants don't distinguish". My brother took good care of him and was very anxious.
At this time, Zhang Ruzhou entered Li Qingzhao's life. With his superb acting skills and eloquent eloquence, he successfully defrauded the trust of Li Qingzhao's younger brother and Li Qingzhao. Unfortunately, a generation of talented women wanted to find someone to lean on, but they walked into the dirty abyss.
Li Qingzhao's book A Letter to the Duke of Inner Mongolia describes in detail the process of her entanglement with Zhang Ruzhou. Husband died, the country was broken, displaced and seriously ill. Under multiple blows, Li Qingzhao became so fragile. Under the persuasion of my younger brother, it is understandable to find someone you can rely on. Who knows that after less than one hundred days of marriage, Zhang Ruzhou showed his ugly face. He married Li Qingzhao in order to keep for himself many gold and stone treasures he heard about Li Qingzhao and his wife. After marriage, Zhang Ruzhou found that the number of stone tablets was far less than what he had heard. Besides, these stone tablets defended by Li Qingzhao with her life are the only thoughts left by Zhao Mingcheng, and she will never hand them over easily. Zhang Ruzhou then began to play Li Qingzhao.
Li Qingzhao, a "first-class flower", was saddened by this: "Enduring the Sang Yu Festival is worthy of our humble talent. I stink, but I want to take it off; He is determined to kill him. " I didn't expect my clean body to be defiled by a dirty and dirty philistine. False, sinister and ugly Zhang Ruzhou is like a philistine selling livestock in the livestock market, which makes Li Qingzhao feel sick.
Li Qingzhao filed for divorce, but Zhang Ruzhou, who failed to achieve her goal, refused. Li Qingzhao is determined to break the ice and draw a clear line with Zhang Ruzhou.
As a result, a divorce lawsuit appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao denounced Zhang Ruzhou for "increasing the official position", falsely applying for the exam and seeking an official position. Zhang Ruzhou was expelled from public office and sent to Liuzhou, Guangxi. Li Qingzhao was sentenced to two years in prison according to the Song law for reporting her husband. Li Qingzhao knows that with her talent, she "can't escape the eternal ridicule" and has no face to "see the Chinese and Koreans". But even so, I will never walk with Zhang Ruzhou. This once again shows the heroic side of Li Qingzhao.
Fortunately, with the help of relatives and friends, Li Qingzhao was released from prison nine days later.
At that time, even later generations, many people laughed at Li Qingzhao's remarriage. However, many people forgot Li Qingzhao's situation at that time. She is alone, old and childless, and ill and unstable in troubled times.
It is easy for people to criticize others from the moral high ground, but few people put themselves in the shoes to think about the hidden worries of the parties' choice.
Mr. Lu Xun once said: When you cry, you must cry after suffering.
After all this, Li Qingzhao has reached the twilight of her life.
The word "Wulingchun" goes: the wind has stopped, the dust and fragrant flowers have been exhausted, and the hair is tired at night. Things are people, not everything, and tears flow first. It is said that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and it is also planned to make canoes. I'm afraid the ship can't carry much worry.
Spring is still good, I want to change my mood, but the past scenes come to my mind, vividly, at a loss, tears streaming down my face. I have always believed that pain can be expressed and sadness can't be said. If you are in pain, you can howl and abuse hysterically. But sadness, sadness is a silent and powerless emotion, like a stone drawn into the water, slowly blooming and swinging all over the body and mind, as if the world had left you, leaving only a sigh.
Lonely Li Qingzhao, always flashing the previous time. Gambling books and pouring tea with Zhao Mingcheng seemed to go back to the past, and a little smile appeared on his face. But when he saw the lonely courtyard, he realized that it was only a temporary trance, and tears began to fall. At the thought of humiliation after remarriage, my blood boils, and my innocence is defiled, which arouses great sorrow and regret. But what can I do? Things are like the wind, which drifts away.
In the bleak old age, Li Qingzhao can only devote her energy and thoughts to the compilation of Zhao Mingcheng's unfinished Story of the Stone, which coincides with the spirit of Sri Lanka and makes people look forward to it.
But Du Nan's sadness is hard to let go. "Yong Yu Le" takes this loneliness and sadness to a higher level: "The sunset melts into gold, and the clouds merge at dusk. Where are people? Dye willow smoke and play plum blossom flute. What do you know about spring? Lantern Festival, the fusion of weather, is there no wind and rain? Come and greet BMW and thank his drinking buddies and poems. Zhongzhou is in its prime, and the boudoir is full of leisure. Remember points three to five. Pave the green crown, twist the golden snow willow, cluster and fight for Chu. Now the description is haggard, windy and foggy, and I dare not go out at night. It is better to listen to people laughing under the curtains. "
Another year of Lantern Festival, gorgeous and lively, but these did not arouse the author's joy at all, but added a lot of sadness. Although friends are calling, the excitement belongs to others, and the poet just wants to stay indoors. Remember what Li Qingzhao said when she was young? The banter of "walking with shame, leaning against the door and looking at it, but smelling qingmei" is shy; "What's wrong with the cloud? Only teach Lang Bi to see it" (Broken Magnolia); Self-confidence and arrogance of "the first in flowers"; In the theory of ci, "few people know the characters", criticizing the independence and unruly of the literary celebrities of the previous dynasties, is no longer what it used to be.
Li Qingzhao hoped that the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court could recover lost ground. She wrote many times. "Zhou Shi of the Grand Officials": "Today, many children and grandchildren have crossed the south of the Yangtze River and drifted with others. I want to send blood and tears to the mountains and rivers and sprinkle a mound of soil on Dongshan. " "But the emperor said in his heart pity a child, who knows heaven and earth. The Great Sage believes in knowing the sun, and there is no alliance in the long run. "
In the twenty-five years of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 155), Li Qingzhao, a "one pronoun", finished her life at the age of 72. With her death, everything is still, the pain of losing her husband, the pain of not having children, the sadness of being displaced, and the unspeakable harm will never happen again. Zhao Mingcheng knew it from the spring, so he wanted to hold his wife, "holding hands and watching her cry, but she was speechless." .
I also know that all suffering is a kind of fulfillment. As the saying goes, "the country is unfortunate, but the poet is lucky." But such comfort is obviously a kind of self-deception, and no one wants his life to be quiet.
Li Qingzhao's later life is lonely and criticized, but it is noble. The determination to draw a clear line with the villains, the strong nostalgia for regaining lost ground, and the persistence of stones, poetry and life are full of touching power.
"Life is a hero and death is a hero." This is Li Qingzhao. No matter what happens, she will stick to her true heart and defend her dignity. Her nobility, dignity and talent have given us endless nourishment for people hundreds of years later or even more distant.