1. Different national systems
The dual-track system is generally an aristocratic country. In order to adjust the education of children of nobles and civilians, a dual-track system was formulated. For example, some long-term aristocratic systems in Britain have adopted the dual-track system.
Monorail system is an educational system adopted by emerging countries without aristocratic history. For example, the United States is a monorail country.
The branch is mainly a socialist country with a feudal history but has been liberated. For example, the former Soviet Union, now China.
2. Different education systems
The dual-track system is different from the beginning of primary school. For example, nobles train upper-class businessmen and parliamentarians, while lower-class ordinary people train ordinary workers.
Single track system means that everyone is equal from primary school to university, regardless of birth grade.
The subject type means that primary schools and junior high schools implement the one-track system, and then they are divided into vocational and technical schools and professional schools for the purpose of further study. For example, our country has ordinary high schools and vocational high schools.
3. Different birth times
The dual-track system was born in the eighteenth century, began to appear and rose in the nineteenth century.
Monorail system was born in the second half of19th century.
Branches were born after the October Revolution.
4. Different places of origin
The dual-track system was born in Europe.
Single track system was born in America.
The branch was born in the Soviet Union.
5. The development process is different
The dual-track system first transited to the branch type, and then evolved into the single-track system.
Single track system moves towards lifelong learning.
Transition from branch type to single track system.
Extended data:
Brief introduction of terms
The phenomenon of single-track system and dual-track system in history is based on the social background and class division at that time. The dual-track system, mainly according to the class and social status of students, enters two different academic systems respectively. The establishment of a system for the children of nobles and privileged classes is mainly to enable them to enter grammar or public schools with academic courses as the mainstay, and to be promoted to institutions of higher learning or universities in the future to master academic theoretical knowledge.
The other system is set for ordinary people, that is, to cultivate the skills needed for daily production and life for ordinary people.
main content
An important purpose of the dual-track system is to mediate the contradiction between "elite" and "popularization" of higher education and realize the principle of "equality while seeking differences", but it is actually an educational system with unequal educational opportunities. We can illustrate this point with examples.
Take Britain as an example: First of all, according to the principles of the British higher education system, universities maintain their traditional academic tasks, while the public higher education departments of ordinary people's schools must develop vocational higher education and related types of higher education.
Secondly, in terms of funds, universities have autonomy, and funds are allocated by the government through the University Funding Committee, so the financial expenditure is relatively independent and sufficient; Ordinary people's schools are managed by local education authorities, and human rights and financial rights are in regional education committees or education bureaus. Schools can only declare annual funds and allocate funds according to the budget.
Finally, in terms of characteristics, the "autonomous tradition" universities are detached, academic, conservative and exclusive; However, civilian colleges serving the tradition have the characteristics of responsiveness, professionalism, innovation and openness. In addition, we can also see the difference between universities and civilian schools from the aspects of management, degree, educational system, teaching and enrollment scope.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-single track system