1. Functionalism perspective: Functionalism perspective focuses on how the education system can meet social needs and maintain social stability. It emphasizes the socialization function of education, that is, how education conveys social norms, values and cultural traditions, and how education selects and trains talents that meet social requirements.

2. The perspective of conflict theory: Contrary to functionalism, the perspective of conflict theory focuses on how the education system reflects and intensifies social inequality. It holds that education is a place for social class and power struggle, and the unequal distribution of educational resources and opportunities is one of the root causes of social inequality.

3. Interactive perspective: Interactive perspective focuses on the interaction process between individuals and its influence on education. It emphasizes the interaction among teachers, students and parents, and how these relationships shape students' cognitive, emotional and behavioral development.

4. Critical theoretical perspective: The critical theoretical perspective draws lessons from the theories of Marxism, feminism and post-colonialism, and analyzes and criticizes the power, ideology and discourse in the education system. It focuses on how the education system reproduces social inequality and oppression, and discusses how to realize social justice through educational reform.

5. Sociological perspective of comparative education: The sociological perspective of comparative education focuses on the comparison of educational systems in different countries and regions and their relationship with social, economic, cultural and political factors. It aims to reveal the similarities and differences between different education systems and how these differences affect the fairness and quality of education.

The importance of educational sociology;

1. Deeply understand the relationship between education and society: Sociology of education helps us to deeply understand the interaction between education and society and reveal the function, position and role of education in society. By studying the relationship between education and society, we can better understand the influence of society on education and the role of education on society.

2. Analysis of social inequality and educational opportunities: Sociology of Education is committed to studying the influence of educational inequality, distribution of educational opportunities and social structure on individual education acquisition. Sociology of education can reveal the influence of socio-economic status, race, gender and other factors on educational opportunities by discussing the influence of social differences on education, thus providing policy suggestions for improving the education system.

3. Discussion on educational reform and policy making: Sociology of education studies educational system, policies and courses, which can provide theoretical support and empirical research for educational reform and policy making. By studying the social background of education and its influence on society, educational sociology can help us evaluate the effects of different educational policies and promote the fairness and efficiency of the education system.

4. Guiding educational practice: Educational sociology can provide theoretical guidance and practical suggestions for educators and promote the innovation and development of educational practice by observing and analyzing social trends and changes in educational practice. It can help educators better understand the educational environment and students' needs, so as to formulate educational strategies and methods that are more in line with the actual situation.