202110 The Family Education Promotion Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted at the 31st session of the 13th NPC Standing Committee gives a relatively perfect answer. Below, the author combines its specific terms to talk about my understanding.
Sixteenth parents or other guardians of minors shall, according to the characteristics of physical and mental development of minors of different ages, carry out family education under the guidance of the following contents:
-at the level of family education, parents are the first responsible persons for educating minors; Under special circumstances, it can also be other guardians, such as grandparents, uncles, parents, etc.
"According to the characteristics of physical and mental development of minors of different ages" refers to the implementation of education according to the law of children's life growth and their respective physical and mental development and personality characteristics, so that they are willing to accept and actively develop.
(1) Educate minors to love the Party, patriotism, people, collectives and socialism, establish the concept of safeguarding national unity, cast a solid sense of community of the Chinese nation, and cultivate feelings of home and country;
-The key word in the first paragraph is "feelings of home and country".
The Chinese nation has been a nation with strong feelings for home and country since ancient times. China people's feelings about home and country are the soul of China's cultural inheritance and development. "Governing the country by self-cultivation" is the lifelong value pursuit of literati in past dynasties. For example, "the trip to the Avenue is for common interests", "The foundation of the world is in the country, the foundation of the country is at home, and the foundation of the family is in the body", "The survival of the country is a disaster or a blessing", "The rise and fall of the world is everyone's responsibility" and so on.
Successful family education must be inseparable from the education of family and country feelings. The former Soviet educator Suhomlinski (19 18- 1970) put it very popularly: "Love for the motherland is the purest, keenest, noblest, strongest, gentlest, most ruthless, gentlest and severest emotion. A person who truly loves the motherland is a real person in all aspects. "
(two) to educate minors to respect the old and love the young, love the family, be diligent and thrifty, unite and help each other, be honest and friendly, and abide by the law, and cultivate their good social morality, family virtues, personal moral awareness and awareness of the rule of law;
-The key word in the second paragraph is "respecting morality and abiding by the law".
Respecting morality, being kind and meeting Si Qi is the only way for a person to improve himself.
"Tian Xingjian, the gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement; The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with morality. " "Don't do it with evil small, don't do it with good small. Only virtue and virtue can serve people. " This kind of indoctrination makes people enter the mind.
"Morality is great, and selflessness is lofty." Morality can be divided into public morality and private morality. "Anyone who is good at his body is called private morality, and anyone who is good at his group is called public morality."
Public morality is aimed at the basic norms and requirements in public life, including politeness, helping others, caring for public property, protecting the environment, obeying the law and so on.
Private morality refers to the moral consciousness and behavior habits of private life, including self-esteem, self-love, honesty and trustworthiness, tolerance, kindness to others, friendly exchanges and so on.
Law is order, and law is the bottom line. Obeying the law and discipline is the obligation of every citizen, and it is also the most basic code of conduct for every citizen. Abide by the law, starting with dolls and starting with parents.
(three) to help minors establish a correct concept of success, guide them to cultivate a wide range of hobbies, healthy aesthetic pursuit and good study habits, and enhance the spirit of scientific exploration, innovative awareness and ability;
-The key word in the third paragraph is "scientific development".
Mr. Fu Lei (1908- 1966), a translator, writer and educator in China, put it most clearly: "First, regard personality as the main thing and the imparting of knowledge and technology as the secondary thing; Second, art education is only a part of all education, and there is no need for a child to become an artist to learn art; Third, in music education, it is necessary not only to cultivate music, but also to be based on comprehensive literary and artistic literacy. "
A wide range of hobbies can make people love life and enrich their minds; Healthy aesthetic pursuit can make people taste elegant and stay away from vulgarity; Good study habits can make people active and serious.
"Xiu Yuan has a long way to go, and I will go up and down", and scientific exploration is persistent and creative; "Simplify the Sanqiu tree by deleting the complexity, and bloom new flowers in February". The cultivation of innovative consciousness and ability lies in finding another way, that is, listening to thunder, that is, being good at finding problems.
(four) to ensure that minors are balanced in nutrition, scientific in sports, adequate in sleep and happy in body and mind, guide them to develop good living habits and behavior habits, and promote their healthy physical and mental development;
The key word in the fourth paragraph is "physical and mental health".
What is health? The traditional concept of health is "disease-free health", while the modern concept of health is "overall health". The World Health Organization has given such a definition: Health refers not only to whether a person is sick or weak, but also to his physical, psychological and social integrity.
Personally, physical and mental health needs not only balanced nutrition, scientific exercise, adequate sleep and physical and mental pleasure, but also appropriate goals. If a person has a goal in mind, he can "insist that the castle peak will not relax"; If a person has faith in his heart, he can be "full of confidence in his life for 200 years."
"Sow an idea and reap an action; Sow an action and reap a habit; Sow a habit and you will reap a fate. " With a healthy outlook on life and good behavior habits, he will certainly reap a happy life.
(5) Pay attention to the mental health of minors, teach them to cherish their lives, educate them on safety knowledge such as transportation, healthy surfing and prevention of bullying, drowning, fraud, trafficking and sexual assault, help them master safety knowledge and skills, and enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection;
The key word in the fifth paragraph is "cherish life".
Mental health is the premise of cherishing life. A positive and optimistic person dares to face the ups and downs in life; Negative pessimists are hesitant and have no confidence in themselves and the future. Proper frustration education is a compulsory course for mental health.
Common sense of life is necessary knowledge based on the world. The key to safe travel is to obey the traffic rules; To surf the Internet healthily, we should not only understand the truth, but also make three chapters. The core of preventing bullying, drowning, fraud, trafficking and sexual assault is to nip in the bud and know some preventive skills. Safety knowledge education requires active learning and application; The cultivation of safety skills needs the integration of knowledge and practice; The improvement of safety awareness requires continuous efforts. Therefore, parents or other guardians should ensure that the string of safety is long and the safety alarm is long.
(six) to help minors to establish a correct concept of labor, to participate in the work within their ability, to improve their ability to take care of themselves and live independently, and to develop an excellent character of hard work and a good habit of loving labor.
-The key word in the sixth paragraph is "love labor".
Mr. Tao Xingzhi has many wonderful expositions on labor education, such as:
"Drop your own sweat, eat your own food and do your own thing. Relying on people, relying on the sky and relying on ancestors is not a hero. "
"There are two treasures in life, hands and brains. Use your head, not your hand, and you will be knocked down. Use your hands instead of your brain, and you won't have enough to eat. Both hands and brains can be used, which is considered to be older. "
"The purpose of labor education is to learn both hands and brains, enhance the ability of self-reliance, gain true knowledge of things, and understand the joys and sorrows of workers."
Let the glory of labor not become an empty slogan. As parents, first of all, try to be an example for children to learn. At the same time, we must have a spirit of "willingness", willing to let children spend time working, willing to let children suffer, willing to accompany children to do some voluntary work within their power, and so on.
Suhomlinski believes that labor is a great educational force. As parents, we should lead our children to find themselves in labor, affirm themselves, hone themselves and achieve themselves, and let them educate themselves in labor, know how to cherish and learn to create in labor.
We should note that in the above provisions, verbs such as "education", "cultivation", "help" and "guidance" are often used for parents or other guardians, which means that effective family education needs not only "teaching" (teaching, guidance, etc.). ), including "education" (training, edification, etc. ); This also means that excellent family education cannot be achieved overnight. Just like water, "singing and dancing make pebbles perfect."
Link: Parents please take good care of this "responsibility list", you are the "first responsible person"!
Link: The full text of the Family Education Promotion Law is here!