For more than two centuries from 50 1 BC to the first 300 years, Rome established and improved its own national slavery system. Slave owners, nobles and civilians are citizens of the country and have the right to participate in the political and economic life of the country. During this period, the economy of ancient Rome was dominated by agriculture, the industry and commerce were underdeveloped, and wars with neighboring countries were very frequent, which determined that Roman education in this period was relatively backward. The main purpose is to train brave soldiers. There are no special school education institutions and full-time teachers, and the main form of education is family education.

In Rome before Greece, "slaves were not allowed to be teachers, because it would lower their status in the eyes of others and themselves." "Children only study in the narrow environment of family life, and at most they can only study in the broader environment of the growing city." During this period, in Roman families, children aged 0-7 were mainly raised and educated by their mothers. From the age of seven, girls still stay at home and study with their mothers as the educational content of future housewives and mothers. From the age of seven, the boy will go to work with his father, who will teach him how to observe and learn, and let him receive basic learning, labor and life training. During this period, the Romans paid attention to teaching boys some knowledge about reading, writing and calculation, but many Romans paid insufficient attention to children's knowledge education. "Fathers often only let their children learn the skills they must have as a Roman gentleman and understand their responsibilities, because other knowledge is considered to be of no educational value."

When the boy reached the age of 16, he became a full citizen of Rome and began a new life of building and defending the motherland.