Painting in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China. By Gu Kaizhi. The original has been lost, and there is a copy of the Tang Dynasty, paragraph 12. Due to the age, there are only 9 paragraphs in the existing Prose on Women's History, which are in silk, with a length of 24.8 cm and a width of 348.2 cm. This picture is based on Zhang Hua's article "Prose on Women's History" in the Western Jin Dynasty. The original text consists of 12, and it is also painted with 12. There are 9 sections from "Feng Yuan stops the bear" to "The secretary of female history dares to sue Ji Shu". The works pay attention to the expression of characters' demeanor, with fine and powerful pens and beautiful colors. In addition, the Palace Museum also has a copy of the Song Dynasty, which is slightly inferior in level, and there are also two sections of Fan Ji and Wei Nv, which are also of research value.
The long scroll A History of Women is a biography of Gu Kaizhi's works. Now, the silk left over from the Tang Dynasty (8th century) is hidden in the British Museum. Originally a painting of the Qing palace, the British and French allied forces were robbed to Britain when they burned the Yuanmingyuan. In addition, a paper copy of the Song Dynasty (said to be Hui Zong's imperial pen) is kept in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
During the Jin Dynasty, the empress Jia was authoritarian and jealous. At that time, Zhang Hua, a great writer, satirized her with a "Proverbs of Women's History" to educate court women. Gu Kaizhi painted according to the main content of Zhang Hua's original work, which is the so-called discipline that women should abide by. A total of 12 paragraphs (9 paragraphs left), each paragraph contains a "model" story of an ancient court woman, and each paragraph is preceded by a copy of a fu written by Zhang Hua. The original is stamped with the seals of collectors and emperors in the 8th century, followed by inscriptions by Jin Zhangzong and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and a bunch of orchids painted by Emperor Qianlong himself. There is Gu Kaizhi's own signature on the back of the painting. This painting may be the earliest work signed by a painter in the world. The lines of the characters are round, and later people call them "Spring Silkworm Spinning", also known as "Gaogu gossamer", which is influenced by seal script in technique. The smell is simple, the pen is skillful, and the quality of the lines is difficult for future generations to reach.
1900 When Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing, she was bought from a lady by an unknown Indian British soldier (said to be Captain Ji) with a jade clasp, and sold to the British Museum for 25 pounds in 1903. The first two paragraphs have been lost. The British Museum has asked Japanese experts to repair it, but the Japanese are not proficient in the repair technology of Chinese painting. After repair, the picture scroll can't be rolled up, so it can only be flattened.
Yang Xin, former vice president of the Palace Museum in Beijing, questioned whether A Woman's History was written by Gu Kaizhi at the symposium on "A Woman's History" specially held by the British Museum on 200/KLOC-0 to commemorate the centenary of the publication of this important book. After his inference, this painting was made by a court painter named Gu Kaizhi in the period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
According to the textual research of Wuling Treasures-Historical and Cultural Map of Yuanli Valley written by Mr. Zhou and Mr. Zhou Bo, it is recorded that the original painting of women's history was in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 290 AD, after the death of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, his son Sima Zhong ascended the throne, known as Jin Huidi in history. Jin Huidi is a typical bad king in the history of China. He didn't like reading since he was a child. He ate, drank, and had nothing to do all day, and power fell to Queen Jia. Jia was ruthless and dissolute, which caused dissatisfaction among the ministers of the DPRK. Zhang Hua collected the deeds of sages in the past dynasties in history and wrote the Proverbs of Women's History as a warning. Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, painted according to the article, and the picture vividly hinted at the meaning of the article. Although the Picture of Women's History is from Zhang Hua's Picture of Women's History, Gu Kaizhi's Picture of Women's History is much more famous, which is determined by Gu Kaizhi's position in the history of ancient China painting. "
The inscription "Rank One" appeared on the bronze mirror used by women in the Ming Dynasty to read scriptures. We call this bronze mirror "Rank-I" mirror. It is round and has a hemispherical button with a word "Rank-I" above and below it. "Chiwu" mirror is 8.9 cm in diameter. The mirror edge is smooth and boundless, and the back of the mirror is slightly concave. In ancient times, people made mirrors to take away their mascots or words to express their wishes or exhortations. The mirror of "ranking me", which means "paying attention to the cultivation of one's own essence", is called "ranking me", which may be related to the influence of "repairing the capacity" in the picture of a female history treasure. The caption next to the picture of women's history reads: "People know how to cultivate their abilities, but they don't know how to decorate their nature; Sex is not embarrassment, or justice; The seaweed of the axe is sacred. "This means that people usually only know how to improve their appearance without paying attention to strengthening their quality. In fact, the cultivation of personal qualities is very important. This concept of "self-cultivation and decoration" also affects the people, and ordinary women should also standardize themselves according to the "female standard" set by the Proverbs of Women's History, which may be the implication of the mirror of "ranking me". Similar to the "Chiwu" mirror, there are the "Yanhe" mirror in Kong Xiangxing's "China Bronze Mirror Atlas" and the "Fu Jun" mirror in Xinguo Bookstore.
"Women's history" is the official title of women, and later became the honorific title of intellectual women. "Proverbs" means exhortation and admonition. Sima Zhong, the Hui emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, did nothing, and the state power was monopolized by his queen Jia, who was jealous, controlling and dissolute. Zhang Hua, the minister of the DPRK, collected the deeds of sages in history and wrote nine paragraphs of Proverbs of Women's History, which was regarded as a famous work at that time and widely circulated. Later, Gu Kaizhi divided the picture into several paragraphs according to the content of the article, and each paragraph had an admonition (except the first paragraph). The pictures in each section vividly reveal the meaning of exhortation, so it is called "proverbs of women's history". China's famous masterpiece A History of Women came out.
The Picture of Women's History in the British Museum is a copy of China in the Tang Dynasty, and its charm is closest to Gu Kaizhi's original painting, so it is regarded as a classic copy by later generations. Collected by many literati. On the screen, we can see the inscription of Xiangzijing, the seal of the Tang Temple, and the words 1 1 on the thin gold book. The painting itself and the mounting part are stamped with the seals of the inner government of Song, Jin, Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as the private seals of collectors in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The original 12 paragraph of women's history manual stolen from Britain by British captain Ji has 9 paragraphs because of its age. The first existing paragraph, "Xuan Xiong climbs the threshold and Feng Yuan attacks", should be the fourth paragraph, which describes the story of Feng Yuan's resistance to bears and protection of Emperor Han Yuan, and his thoughts are often the most touching.
The second existing story about Ban Jieyu, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, is engraved with the motto "Ban Jieyu has words" ... to avoid minor worries ",and the virtue of empresses is also touching. In the third paragraph, the mountains overlap and people shoot and hunt in the mountains. The essay "If you don't kill a dragon, it's like a terrible machine", which says that the sun and the moon remain the same and everything in the world rises and falls. It is wise and a virtue to maintain moderation and peace. The fourth paragraph draws the relative makeup of two women. The proverb "People know how to cultivate their appearance, but they don't know how to decorate their nature" is still popular thousands of years later. In the fifth paragraph, the couple in bed face to face, and the man lifts the bed and looks in a hurry. In the preface, the proverb "Say what you say is good ... doubt others" is thousands of miles away. What's the farthest distance?
In the sixth paragraph, the husband and wife sit side by side, the concubine sits left and right, and the baby rolls his knees. Essays range from "a husband's words are as small as a whisper" to "all kinds of people", meaning that my concubine will have many children if she is not jealous. In the seventh paragraph, men and women are opposite, and men raise their hands to refuse women. The article "don't desecrate your happiness, don't focus on your pet ... that's why" exhorts women not to deliberately compete for favor, but to be arrogant if they are specialized. In the eighth paragraph, I drew a sitting princess with a quiet posture. The preface is "respect for yourself, respect for respect", which means that if a woman wants to be noble, she must be cautious in her words and deeds, especially "cautious and independent". In the ninth paragraph, I draw a female history, I am writing a book, and there are two girlfriends walking together, caring for each other and chatting. The topic is "Advice from the Department of Women's History, Dare to Tell Ji Shu". Female officials in the imperial court are advising concubines to be cautious and kind, and women all over the world can learn from this.
Gu Kaizhi's Illustration of Women's History takes daily life as the theme, and the brushwork is like spring spinning, with both form and spirit. The four wonderful techniques he adopted made the picture elegant, quiet, bright and vivid. The lines in the picture are circuitous, even and beautiful, and the clothes of the characters are fluttering and vivid. The skirt of the female historian is wide, slender and elegant, and each piece is accompanied by ribbons of different shapes and bright colors, showing its elegant demeanor.
Gu Kaizhi (346-407) was born in Jinling (now Wuxi, Jiangsu), the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In his early years (405-4 18), Yixi was a regular servant who rode straight and scattered, was knowledgeable, versatile and good at writing and painting. Immersed in art, tireless, known as "talent, painting, infatuation". Painting is taught by teachers and health association, and he is good at making Buddha statues, figures, landscapes, animals and birds. They are particularly good at making the finishing point, claiming that "four-body beauty has nothing to do with beauty and vivid portrayal, and is being banned." Its brushwork, such as silkworms spinning silk, is easy at first glance, but it has six methods on closer inspection; Color decoration is rich in color, not dizzy, subtle, unpredictable and erratic. In Xingning Middle School, a portrait of Vimola was painted on the wall of Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) crock temple, with a clear face and forgetful expression. The finishing touch in public, the whole audience was blocked, and the charity money instantly exceeded one million, which was a sensation. Taste Pei Kai's portrait, add three points to your cheek, and you will feel refreshed. It creatively made a statue for Xie Kun and spread it among the rocks. It said to itself, "This child should be put in a ravine." . It's wonderful to draw portraits of the emperor one after another. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan spoke highly of his paintings, saying, "Zhang Sengyou gets his flesh, Lu Tanwei gets his bones, and Gu Kaizhi gets his spirit." History calls Cao Buxing, Gu Kaizhi, Lu Tanwei and Zhang Sengyou "four great masters in the Six Dynasties". He also studied painting theory and wrote an article about painting, which was quite enlightening to later generations. There are many paintings, including Sima Xuan, Xie An, Liu Laozhi, Wang An period, Ruan You, Ruan Xian, Jin Wudi, Sima Xuan and Wang Wei, Guiyang Wang Meiren, boat, tiger and leopard and birds. There are two volumes handed down from generation to generation, namely, Lienv Renzhi Tu and Luoshen Fu Tu (manuscripts of Song people), which are now in the Palace Museum.
"Women's history" refers to court women, and "persuasion" refers to persuasion. At the beginning of Jin Dynasty, when Hui Di was in power, his family was very jealous and treacherous. Zhang Hua, a scholar, took the stories of the sages of past dynasties as a warning, and was regarded as a famous piece at that time. Gu Kaizhi, a talented painter, divided this famous piece into several paragraphs, painted it paragraph by paragraph, and inscribed it on the edge of the painting, thus producing a famous piece in the history of China, The Picture Scroll of Women's History. There are two silk books in A Picture of Women's History, one of which is now in the Palace Museum. Experts believe that it was copied in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its artistry is poor. Another book is more artistic, which can better reflect Gu Kaizhi's painting style and the original appearance of a woman's history. Experts think it may be a copy of the Tang Dynasty.
/kloc-in 0/900, when Eight-Nation Alliance burned the Yuanmingyuan, a picture of a woman's history was stolen to Britain by the British captain Ji and kept in the British Museum. The map of women's history here is 24.8 cm high and 348.2 cm long, and it is horizontally rolled. In the original paragraph 12, due to the long history, there are only 9 paragraphs left in the existing Proverbs of Women's History.
Attachment: A proverb in women's history-Zhang Hua (Western Jin Dynasty)
The vast nature, two instruments. Scattered airflow, both Tao and Zhen. Under the emperor's rule, heaven and man were exposed. The first couple, as well as the monarch and ministers. Wang You is well connected.
Women's morality is still soft, including Zhang. Love the book god, in the bedroom. Give a knot, and you will get a pious return. Sue's instrument is clear in style. Fan Ji is too sensitive to eat fresh birds. Wei's daughter is charming and joyful, but her ears forget harmony. Although the ambition is high, the two masters change their minds. Xuanxiong climbed the threshold and Feng Yuan entered. Is the husband fearless? Never hesitate to know death! The class concubine has a resignation, and so does the scorpion. Won't my husband get pregnant? Take precautions! Don't kill, don't forget. At noon, the sun is shining and the moon is full. Worship the dust, because if the machine.
People know how to decorate their appearance, but they don't know how to decorate their nature. Sex is not decoration, or it is just. The seaweed of the axe is sacred. Say a good word, and respond thousands of miles away. If you violate righteousness, you will be suspicious. Husband's language is like a whisper, so honor and disgrace come from it. Don't call it seclusion, there is no image in mental prison. Don't say mystery, God won't listen. Without pity and glory, heaven is evil. If you don't rely on it, you will fall. For Xiaoxing's sake, quit him. Compared with the heart, it is complicated.
You can't be arrogant or special. Profession is slow, but love is moving. If you earn, you will lose, and if you have it, you will. What is beautiful is self-beauty and takes advantage. Good smelting ability is what a gentleman wants. That's why.
Therefore: the wings are proud, and happiness is so prosperous. Gong Jing thinks for himself, and he is honored. I dare tell Ji Shu.