Music teaching, as a way and means of aesthetic education, has different teaching methods from general subjects. Mainly reflected in: starting with sensibility, caring for people with emotion, caring for people with aesthetic feeling, and paying attention to the potential effect of education. In short, it follows the following basic principles:
One is the emotional principle.
Music is an emotional art, which can move people's emotions more than other arts, and can directly and powerfully enter people's emotional world. Aesthetic education is essentially an emotional education. Grasping the emotional principle firmly in music education and igniting students' emotional sparks will effectively open the window of students' hearts, so that they can enjoy beauty and cultivate their sentiments in the emotional generate and excitement.
The second is the principle of visualization.
Image is one of the main characteristics of music art, and the musical image shaped by melody, rhythm, harmony and other musical languages has a series of visual characteristics such as sound, modality, shape and dynamics. It is with these tangible images that music aesthetic education induces and infects teachers. Therefore, emphasizing the principle of visualization in music teaching and drawing truth from beauty are most easily accepted by students, especially in the teaching of music theory and reading music. And boring concepts are vivid and interesting images, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort. This requires music teachers to devote themselves to the research and flexible use of teaching materials, and to transform music knowledge into an easy-to-understand, close and lovely image for students.
The third is the principle of appreciation.
All activities in music teaching are appreciative, and the whole process of music teaching should reflect the significance of appreciation. In the classroom, teachers and students share music with an aesthetic attitude, and the beauty of music is reflected by singing, playing and singing.
The fourth is the pleasure principle.
Aesthetic pleasure is one of the essential characteristics of music art, and the pleasure of music teaching is the psychological mechanism of emotional experience and optimization effect in aesthetic education. When students are happy, they are most likely to be in the excitement center. This situation of "studying hard" for employment is "happy learning", which is most suitable for music teaching. The fun and gamification of music teaching methods will not only bring great happiness to students, but also make them have a strong interest in music, and turn "asking him to sing" into "he wants to sing", thus generating lasting motivation for music learning.
Fifth, practical principles.
Music is a practical and operational subject, so we should pay special attention to students' sense of participation and encourage them to make positive reactions to music. In teaching, give students free creative space, let them listen, move and experience the inner feelings of music, recite the theme of music, arrange better accompaniment and create interesting musical situational performances. At the same time, it is necessary to cultivate students' ability to organize and participate in extracurricular music activities. By organizing bands, choirs and dance teams in the second classroom, students are led to participate in extracurricular activities such as literary performances and singing competitions, so as to enhance their understanding of music and artistic practice ability.
Sixth, the principle of mutual communication.
Art can't be preached, and aesthetics can't be instilled. Teachers and students exchange aesthetic information with the help of music aesthetic media, and harmonious emotional communication between teachers and students is the primary symbol of optimizing the aesthetic effect of music teaching. Music class is not as authoritative and compulsory as intellectual education and moral education, and the relationship between teaching and learning is completely equal. The key to establishing this good relationship between teaching and learning lies in teachers. Music teachers should first throw emotional bonds to students, so that students can feel the intimate and harmonious teaching atmosphere. Be able to speak freely and communicate fully with teachers. It is very important to create an equal, democratic and interactive teaching atmosphere.
The scientific teaching method in music aesthetic education mainly has two contents:
The first is the practical teaching method of music perception. It can also be called "listening, feeling and moving" teaching method.
Music teaching should guide students to experience, express, create and enjoy the beauty of music; Cultivate good sentiment and sound personality imperceptibly. The expression of musical beauty exists in the image of musical art, and there is no art without the image of beauty. The process of music image is the process of music practice, music learning and music creation. Without the practice of music art, there is no music, and without the perception and understanding of the beauty of music in the practice of music art, it is impossible to practice aesthetic education.
Listening is the premise of perceiving and understanding music, and listening is a prominent experience in music teaching. Listening is the most important process in the practice of music art, music is an auditory art, and auditory experience is the basis of music learning. Developing students' listening should run through all the activities of music teaching. All fields of music teaching, whether singing, playing or creative activities, are carried out around the center of "listening". Therefore, guiding students to participate in auditory experience and developing their musical hearing should run through all the activities of music teaching, which is the central link of music teaching.
Feeling is the aesthetic practice of fully perceiving and feeling the beauty of music language and music. This is the core of aesthetic education. Music is an emotional art. Only through the emotional experience of music can we achieve the goal of "educating people with aesthetic feeling and educating people with aesthetic education". In music teaching, teachers should infect students with their true feelings about music, music education and students, so that students can love music; We should arouse students' emotional resonance and experience the beauty of music with our in-depth understanding and emotional expression of music works; We should be good at teaching in lively forms, so that students can get aesthetic pleasure in music activities.
Action is an important means to perceive and understand music, and an important form to participate in the practice of music art. Action includes eye movement-looking at music score with vision to express understanding of God, emotion and meaning; Manual-experience the ups and downs of music emotionally, improvise command, play music, perform acting, improvise choreography, etc. Ear movement-an important means of listening, perceiving, distinguishing, analyzing and understanding music with your heart, and throat movement-reading, singing and expressing with your heart; Brain movement-use the brain to perceive, experience, analyze, understand, associate and think, and use the brain to command all organs to perceive according to the laws of music.
Then in the practice of music class, listening is the foundation, feeling is the core, and movement is the means. The practical teaching method of music perception is to let students perceive, experience and understand the beautiful melody and image of music on the basis of full "listening" and "moving".
In music teaching, students should be guided to feel and experience the different functions of different speeds, different dynamics, different timbres and different singing methods in expressing music; Students should master and use different emotional styles on the basis of emotional perception and experience of music works. The speed, intensity and timbre of different themes and different music images correctly express the emotion, artistic conception, style and characteristics of music. In the practice of music art, through the processing and creation of sound perception, emotional experience and musical artistic image, students can gain the ability to perceive, create and express the beauty of music by fully participating in instrumental music, vocal music, dance and performance, and get a good aesthetic education in the process of experiencing and expressing musical emotions.