During the two periods of colonial rule, black Americans were sold from Africa as slaves, and they were not even qualified to be human. There is still no education there. After the independence of the United States, the northern States made regulations on the release of slaves, and several charitable organizations also did some good things for the education of black children. During the period of 1849, Ohio in the midwest promulgated a law authorizing the state government to establish another school for black children, and northern states followed suit. This is the beginning of black school.
However, in the southern states, which account for 92% of the total number of African-Americans, the white rulers are extremely hostile to African-Americans. In the first half of the19th century, African-Americans were still prohibited from reading and writing by law. The reactionary planter thinks that black people are slaves if they can't read, otherwise it is difficult to control.
On June 1 863 65438+1October1day, President Lincoln issued a proclamation to liberate blacks. Free blacks have a high enthusiasm for learning. Under the new political situation, southern black children began to go to school for education. However, due to the government's apartheid policy, blacks and whites cannot study in the same school. At this time, black schools were also treated unfairly. White students offer vocational training courses such as printing, aviation and retail, while black schools offer vocational training courses such as bricklaying, carpentry, auto repair and sewing. The funding of black schools is much less than that of white schools, and the treatment of black school teachers is worse than that of white school teachers. Nevertheless, in the struggle against racial discrimination, black education has made great progress. Black primary and secondary schools have been generally established, and black colleges and universities have also been built one after another. 1865, Fosk University was founded; 1867, Artilanta University was founded; 188 1 year, Taskey College was founded. By 1970, 200 black colleges and universities have been established. About 100 colleges and universities still exist today.
With the support of the progressive white people, blacks fought a long and arduous struggle for education, and finally in 1954, they tracked down the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, canceling the principle of "separation but equality" defined in 189 1, and stipulating that each state must complete the merger of private schools and black schools as soon as possible. Despite the great resistance in the process of school merger, blacks have made great achievements in the movement for educational equality. From 65438 to 0970, black students accounted for more than 10% of the freshmen entering famous American universities, and more and more black young people received higher education. 1973 In southern states, 44% of black students attend schools with a majority of white students.
Of course, it cannot be said that racial discrimination no longer exists in American education. In fact, racial discrimination still exists in many aspects of American education to varying degrees. For example, the cultures and heroes of ethnic minorities such as blacks are rarely mentioned in textbooks, and some are distorted and vilified. Until the 1970s, children were not allowed to speak their own language at school, but only English, otherwise, the light ones were punished and the heavy ones were expelled from school. It can be seen that racial discrimination is the inevitable manifestation of the bourgeois nature of American education and the inevitable product of American capitalist system. As long as the capitalist system is not eliminated, it will be difficult to eradicate racial discrimination in education.