The first is to implement precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation.
China's regional development is very uneven, and the poor population is distributed in more than 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). To help the poor, we should make policies according to people and places, support those who have the ability to work, develop characteristic industries and transfer employment, implement poverty alleviation and relocation, implement ecological protection and poverty alleviation that is particularly important and fragile to the ecology, implement all-round protection policies for those who lose their ability to work, and implement medical assistance for those who are poor due to illness, so as to improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.
1, develop characteristic industries to get rid of poverty. Support poverty-stricken areas to scientifically formulate development plans for characteristic industries, encourage poor villages and poor households to develop characteristic agricultural products and their processing industries, implement rural tourism poverty alleviation projects in depth, and rationally and orderly develop superior energy and mineral resources. In order to enhance the ability of self-development, the central, provincial and municipal governments implement the policy of full refund of county-level finance to counties in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas; For the key counties in the national poverty alleviation and development work outside the region, the central government will implement the policy of returning the county-level finance in full.
2. Guide labor export to get rid of poverty. Increase investment in labor export training, continue to implement the vocational skills upgrading plan, establish and improve the labor docking mechanism for export and input, and guide the rural poor to enter the fields of housekeeping, logistics and old-age care. Give policy support to migrant workers in poverty-stricken areas to return home to start businesses. Have the ability to stabilize employment and realize urban citizenization in an orderly manner.
3. Implement ex situ relocation to help the poor. Prepare and implement the relocation plan for ex situ poverty alleviation, and adhere to the principles of voluntariness, positivity and safety for the poor people in areas with poor living conditions, fragile ecological environment and frequent natural disasters, and implement relocation and resettlement according to local conditions. According to preliminary statistics, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the number of poor people who need to be transferred from other places is about/kloc-0.0 million. It is necessary to increase investment in the central budget and local governments at all levels, innovate investment and financing methods, and raise 600 billion yuan of funds through multiple channels to promote emigration, stability, work and prosperity.
4. Implement social security policies. Implement health poverty alleviation projects and improve basic medical and public health services in poverty-stricken areas. Combine the payment of serious illness insurance with the medical assistance of the new rural cooperative medical system, so that people suffering from serious illness can be fully guaranteed. Strengthen health services for poor disabled people. The subsistence allowance policy and poverty alleviation policy should be effectively linked, and all the poor people should be guaranteed.
Second, expand the coverage of infrastructure in poor areas.
China's poverty-stricken areas are mostly located in the central and western regions, mountainous areas and border areas, with complex natural conditions and weak infrastructure. It is necessary to further strengthen construction and solve problems such as access, water supply, power supply and network communication according to local conditions.
1. Accelerate the construction of transportation, water conservancy, electricity and Internet in poor areas. Accelerate the construction of major transportation projects such as the national railway network and the national expressway network connecting poverty-stricken areas. Major water conservancy projects and small and medium-sized water conservancy projects in poor areas should be strengthened. Vigorously promote hydropower development, farmland upgrading and photovoltaic power generation projects in poverty-stricken areas. We will intensify efforts to help the poor in internet plus, speed up the full coverage of broadband networks in poor villages, implement e-commerce poverty alleviation projects, and promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation in poor areas.
2. Strengthen ecological protection in poverty-stricken areas, rebuild dilapidated houses in rural areas and improve the living environment. Major ecological projects such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands, returning grazing to grasslands, natural forest protection, shelter forest construction, rocky desertification control, and desertification control are further tilted to poor areas. Intensify the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas and the earthquake-resistant renovation of rural houses. We will promote the treatment of domestic garbage and sewage in poor villages, farmers' toilet improvement and village greening, promote the comprehensive improvement of rural environment, and support the construction of mountains, water, fields, forests and roads and the comprehensive management of small watersheds.
3. Explore asset income to help the poor. Explore the implementation of the asset income support system for the poor. For the development of hydropower and mineral resources in poor areas that occupy collective land, the original residents will be compensated in the form of collective equity on a trial basis. Financial poverty alleviation funds and other agricultural-related funds invested in some projects should be converted into shares and quantified to poor households.
Third, promote the equalization of basic public services in poverty-stricken areas.
The gap between poor areas and more developed areas is largely manifested in basic public services such as education, health, culture and social security, which must be narrowed.
1. Improve the quality of basic education in poor areas. "Poverty alleviation needs wisdom". It is necessary to implement the full coverage project of poverty alleviation through education, so that children from poor families can receive fair and high-quality education and block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. National education funds continue to tilt towards poor areas and basic education, and the "special post plan" and "national training plan" tilt towards poor areas. In poverty-stricken areas, it is the first to implement tuition-free tuition in ordinary high schools and establish a long-term mechanism to ensure that rural students attend key universities.
2. Establish and improve the care system for left-behind children and women, the elderly and the disabled. Conduct a comprehensive survey of rural "three left-behind" and disabled people, and establish an information management and service system. Strengthen the guardianship of minors and the welfare guarantee for children in distress, and help special poor families solve practical difficulties. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the living allowance system for the disabled with difficulties and the nursing allowance system for the severely disabled.
3. Enrich the cultural life of the poor. Focus on the implementation of a number of cultural poverty alleviation projects, focusing on radio and television service networks, digital cultural services, local talent training, mobile cultural services and so on. Support poverty-stricken areas to explore, protect, develop and utilize ethnic and folk cultural heritage and resources. The funds for cultural undertakings are inclined to poor areas.
Four, the implementation of poverty alleviation work responsibility system
The key to implementing the main tasks and policies and measures of poverty alleviation and development lies in the implementation of responsibilities.
1. Further improve the working mechanism of overall planning by the central government, overall responsibility by provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and implementation by cities (prefectures) and counties. Strengthen the responsibility assessment of poverty alleviation work. For the nine provinces and regions where the poverty population exceeds 5 million or the incidence of poverty exceeds 15%, we should really take poverty alleviation and development as the "number one" project. Focus on poverty-stricken counties to assess the effectiveness of poverty alleviation and implement "one-vote veto" in poverty alleviation work. At the same time, strengthen supervision and accountability, and interview leading cadres who have not completed the annual poverty alleviation task. Strengthen the construction of party branches in poor villages.
2. Strengthen the investment guarantee for poverty alleviation and development. Increase the central and provincial financial input for poverty alleviation, and the central government will continue to increase transfer payments to poor areas. The scale of the special poverty alleviation funds of the central government will maintain a large increase every year, and the general transfer payment funds, the special transfer payment funds involving people's livelihood and the investment in the central budget will further tilt towards poor areas and poor people. For public welfare construction projects arranged by the state in poverty-stricken areas, the matching funds at and below the county level and in contiguous poverty-stricken areas in the west will be cancelled. Integrate all kinds of poverty alleviation resources and open up new funding channels for poverty alleviation and development. Encourage development, policy, commercial, cooperative and other financial institutions to increase financial support for poverty alleviation and development and play a complementary role. Issue policy financial bonds and give preferential policies such as financial discount. Implement poverty alleviation microfinance projects. Guarantee land for poverty alleviation and development. Increase poverty alleviation through science and technology. For those who start businesses, innovate and serve in poor areas, special policies are given in terms of salary, civil service recruitment, rank adjustment and professional title evaluation and employment.
3. Improve the cooperation between the east and the west and the designated poverty alleviation mechanism of party and government organs, the army, people's organizations and state-owned enterprises. The eastern region increased financial input for counterpart assistance, and launched the action of "running towards a well-off society hand in hand" in strong and weak counties in the east. Strengthen and improve the designated poverty alleviation work of departments and units of the party, government and military groups. We will further promote the activities of central enterprises to help poor revolutionary old areas with "100 counties and 10 thousand villages". Encourage all kinds of enterprises, social organizations and individuals to voluntarily participate in poverty alleviation at one time, and implement the pre-tax deduction policy for donations from enterprises and individuals. Expand international cooperation in poverty alleviation. Take the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas as the focus of poverty alleviation.